Vocabulary For Matter And Elements
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Matter | Anything that takes up space and has mass.
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Mass | The material that matter is made up of.
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Space/Volume | How much room/space matter takes up.
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Density | D= m/v The amount of material/stuff matter takes within a specific space.
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Atom | Smallest part of an atom.
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Electron | Particle of an atom with a negative charge, moves around the nucleus and has an attractive force that allows it to bond with other atoms creating everything in the universe.
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Proton | Partial of an atom with a positive charge located inside the nucleus.
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Neutron | Particle of an atom with a neutral /no charge located inside the nucleus along with the proton.
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Periodic Table | Large grid that identifies and classifies all of the elements by there chemical and physical properties.
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Element | the simplest substances that cannot be broken down /they make up all matter in the universe.
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Periods / Rows | rows that tell how many energy levels each element has for the electrons to move around.
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Groups Or Family /Column | Columns that tell how many valence electrons each element has /the number of electrons that can move on its outer shell /energy level.
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Valence Electrons | The electrons that move on the outer shell /energy level of an atom.
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Atomic Number | How many protons an element has inside the nucleus /usually is same # of neutrons and electrons.
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Atomic Mass | The measurement of the mass for an elements atom.
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Chemical Properties | The ability of substances to combine with one another forming new and different compounds and molecules.
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Physical Properties | The state of matter and appearance of a substance.
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Ionic Bond | When elements either lose or gain an electron during bonding.
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Covalent Bond | When elements share electrons during bonding.
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Chemical Change / Reaction | Elements bond together through the attractive force of electrons creating some type of reaction and change.
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Compound / Molecule | Two or more elements combine together in a specific ratio /pattern creating a whole, new substance /compound.
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Mixture | Two or more substances combine together keeping their original properties, they DO NOT CHANGE into a new substance compound.
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Noble Gases | All of the elements in Group #18 -they are the most stable elements because they have 8 electrons in their outer shell.
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Halogens | All of the elements in Group #17 -they are very reactive bonding easily with elements in Group #1 because they have 7 valence electrons and want to be stable.
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Alkali Gases | All of the elements in Group #1- they are very reactive because they only have one valence electron.
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Metalloids | Elements between metals and non-metals that can react either way, they have 3-7 valence electrons.
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Endothermic | Chemical reaction that takes in energy
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Exothermic | Thing that change out of we have no control
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