Biology
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| Define Invertebrates | animals that lack a backbone
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| Define Vertebrates | animals that pocesses a backbone
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| Define Spherical Symmetry | an organism possesses spherical symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any by cut through the organism's center.
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| Define Radial Symmetry | an organism possesses radial symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any longitudial cut through the center.
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| Define Bilateral Symmetry | an organism possesses bilateral symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by a single longitudinal cut among its center which divides it into right and left halves.
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| Define Epidermis | an outer layer of cells designed to provide protection
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| Define Meserchyme | the jellylike substance that separates the epidermis from the inner cells in a sponge
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| Define Collar Cells | flagellated cells that push water through a sponge
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| Define Ameobocytes | cells that move using pseudopods and perferm different functions in different animals
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| Define Gemmule | a cluster of cells encased in a hard, spicule-reinforced shell
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| Define Polyp | the sessile, tubular form of a cnidarian with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk at the other.
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| Define Medusa | a free-swimming cnidarian with a bell-shaped body and tentacles.
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| Define Epithelium | animal tissue consisting of one or more layers of cells that have only one free surface, because the other surface adheres to a membrane or other substance
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| Define Mesoglea | the jellylike substance that separates the epithelial cells in a cnidarian
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| Define Nematocysts | small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators.
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| Define Testes | organs that produce sperm
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| Define Ovaries | organs that produce eggs
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| Define Anterior End | the end of an animal that contains its head.
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| Define Posterior | the end of an animal that contains its tail
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| Define Circulatory System | a system designed to transport food and other necessary substances throughout a creature's body
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| Define Nervous System | a system of sensitive cells that respond to stimuli such as sound, touch, and taste.
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| Define Ganglia | masses of nerve cell bodies
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| Define Hermaphroditic | possessing both the male and female reproductive organs
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| Define Regeneration | the ability to regrow a missing part of the body
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| Define Mantle | a sheath of tissue that encloses the vital organs of a mollusk, makes the mollusk's shell, and performs respiration.
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| Define Shell | a tough, multilayered structure secreted by the mantle, generally used for protection, but sometimes for body support.
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| Define Visceral Hump | a hump that contains a mollusk's heart, digestive, and excretory organs.
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| Define Foot | a muscular organ that is used for locomotion and takes a variety of forms depending on the animal.
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| Define Radula | an organ covered with teeth that mollusk's use to scape food into their mouth's.
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| Define Univalve | an organism with a single shell
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| Define Bivalve | an organism with two shells
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| Do the vast majority of animals have backbones? | no
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| how do sponges get their prey? | by their collar cells
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| If a sponge is soft, does it contain spicules or spongin? What purpose do these substances serve in a sponge? | spongin; it provides a framework for the sponge.
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| What is the predominant mode of asexual reproduction in a sponge? | budding
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| What roles do ameodocytes play in the anatomy of a sponge? | they digest food and transport the food to the part of the sponge that need it . It also carries waste to where it can be released.
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| When does a sponge produce gemmules? | during periods of freezing temperatures
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| What is the difference of a nematocysts of a hydra and those of a sea anemone? | nematocysts of hydra are released something something touches it and the nematocysts of a sea anemone releases when certain chemicals.
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| Why do cnidarians not need respiratory and excretory systems? | they do not need them because their bodies are so thin that gases can easily diffuse in and out directly through the body
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| Some biology books say that jellylike live "dual lives". Why? | because it has a life as a polyp and medusa
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| If a jellyfish reproduces sexually, what form is it in? | Medusa
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| What is another name for a large coral colony? | great reefs
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| What benefits do earthworms give the plants in the soil that thy inhabit? | they give nutrients that plants need for biosynthesis
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| If you pick up two earthworms and the first feels very slimy near the clitellum and the second does not, what can tou conclude about the first earthworm? | it in a ocean
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| what similarities exist between the hydra's sexual reproduction and the earthworm's? What are the differences? | hydra have both the sperm and the egg and earthworm's take two organism's but they are alike because they produce their own eggs and sperm
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| What will happen to an earthworm if its cuticle gets dry? | it will suffocate
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| Why don't planarians need circulatory systems? | because the intestine branches extend throughout most of the body
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| If a flatworm has no complex nervous or digestive systems, is it most likely free or parasitic? | parasitic
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| What is the main ode of asexual reproduction in a planarian? | it tears itself in half
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| Place each organism in one of the following phyla: Porifera, Cnidaria, Annelida, Mollusca, and Platyhelminthes. Animals: Sea Anemone, Clam, sponge, flatworm, and segmented worm. | Sea Anemone- Cnidarian, Clam- Mollusca, Sponge- Porfiera, Flatworm- Platyhelminthes, Segmented worm- Annelida
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