Weather Vocab
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| Atmosphere | The mixture of gases that surrounds Earth.
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| Air Pressure | The measurement of the force with which particles in the air push on a surface.
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| Troposphere | The lowest layer in the atmosphere where temperature decreases at a constant rate.
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| Stratosphere | The second layer in the atmosphere
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| Ionosphere | The fourth layer in the atmosphere
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| Exosphere | The last layer in the atmosphere
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| Thermosphere | The second to last layer in the atmosphere
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| Ozone Layer | The layer that protects Earth by absorbing large amounts of harmful UV rays
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| Greenhouse Effect | The process when atmospheric gases absorb and give off infrared radiation
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| Temperature | A measure of how hot or cold something is. Average kinetic energy of particles
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| Thermal energy | The total kinetic energy of particles.
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| Thermal expansion | An increase in the size of a substance in response to an increase in the temperature of the substance
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| Heat | The energy that is transferred between objects that are different temperatures
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| Radiation | The transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves
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| Convection | The transfer of energy due to the movement of matter.
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| Conduction | The transfer of energy from one object to another object from direct contact.
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| Wind | The movement of air caused by differences in air pressures
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| Coriolis Effect | The curving of a path of a moving object from otherwise a straight path.
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| Jet Stream | Narrow belts of high speed winds that blow from west to east.
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| Local wind | The movement of air over short distances that move in any direction
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| Sea Breeze | The water is colder than the land: causing air to be pushed to the land (happens during the day)
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| Land breeze | The land in now cold, causing high pressure. The water has low pressure. (happens at night)
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| Mountain Breeze | At night the slopes of mountains are cooled causing low pressure in the valley and high pressure in the mountain peeks.
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| valley breeze | A mountain's local wind where low pressure is near the mountaintops and high pressure near the valleys. This causes breezes that go up the mountain.
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| Global wind | The movement of air over Earth's Surface in Patterns that are worldwide.
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| Trade winds | Winds that blow between 30 degrees and the equator. Sailors relied on them to sail from Europe to the Americas
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| Westerlies | The winds that blow between 30 degrees and 60 degrees. They curve to the East. Carries moist air which causes rain/snow
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| Polar Easterlies | Winds that blow between the poles and 60 degrees. They curve to the west. Carries cold air over most of U.S. -causes snow/freezing weather.
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| Doldrums | Trade winds of both hemispheres that meet in a calm area around the equator. Not much wind- warm, less dense air results in an area of low pressure.
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| Horse Latitudes | Where air stops moving and sinks.
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| Weather | The condition of the atmosphere at one time. Includes temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind ,and visibility.
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| Humidity | The amount of water vapor in the air.
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| Relative humidity | The amount of water vapor in the air compared to the amount of water vapor needed for saturation
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| Dew point | The temperature at which more condensation than evaporation occurs
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| Precipitation | Any form of water that falls to Earth's surface from the clouds.
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| cirrus | A cloud that appears feathery or wispy. Made of ice crystals. Form when wind is strong.
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| Cumulus | Means fair weather, but if becomes taller they produce thunder storms
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| Stratus | Spread out clouds that form in layers. They are low. Dark stratus clouds can block out the sun and produce rain.
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| Air pressure | The force of air molecules pushing on an area
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| high pressure system | Areas where air sinks and moves outward. Makes clear skies and calm air or gentle breezes.
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| low pressure system | rainy weather producing. Have lower pressure than the surrounding areas.
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| Air mass | A large body of air throughout which temperature and moisture contents are similar
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| front | A boundary that forms between air masses
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| Warm front | Forms when a warm cold air mass. Warm air condenses into clouds. Brings drizzly rain- followed by warm clear weather
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| cold front | A fast moving cold air mass pushes up warm air mass. Cooler weather follows a cold front
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| Stationary front | When there is not much wind so both air masses stay in one place - bring unchanging weather
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| Occluded | The force of a cold front pushing the cold front up
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| Evaporation | The change of state from a liquid to a gas
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| Condensation | The change of state from a gas to a liquid
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| runoff | The flow of water that occurs when excess waters flow over Earth's surface.
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