Neuroscience - Bellanca
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| Neuroscience | show 🗑
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| Nervous system | show 🗑
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| show | A nerve cell; the basic building block of NS
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| Dendrites | show 🗑
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| show | aka cell body; life support center
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| Axon | show 🗑
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| show | Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons.
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| show | fatty tissue that covers axon of some neurons to help speed up neural impulses.
signals can jump from gap to gap which is faster than going down the whole axon.
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| show | Neural "cables" containing many axons
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| Resting potential | show 🗑
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| show | neural impulse; sending a message
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| show | Once threshold (-55mV) is reached, the neuron MUST fire; no -55 mV = no fire
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| show | form junctions with other cells
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| show | Terminals of one neuron almost touch the dendrites of another, but don't actually touch
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| show | Chemical messengers that traverse synaptic gaps between neurons; fit like a lock and key with receptor sites
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| Receptor sites | show 🗑
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| show | tell the neuron to FIRE!
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| show | tell the neuron to STOP
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| show | Drugs or other substances that MIMIC neurotransmitters, so it's like the original NT is in the receptor site; the response will be whatever the NT would normally do.
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| Antagonists | show 🗑
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| Reuptake | show 🗑
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| Central nervous system (CNS) | show 🗑
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| Spinal cord | show 🗑
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| Afferent (sensory) neurons | show 🗑
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| Efferent (motor) neurons | show 🗑
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| Interneuron | show 🗑
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| show | involves only the spinal cord; says MOVE! before your brain registers trouble; A simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response
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| Neuroplasticity | show 🗑
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| Peripheral nervous system (PNS) | show 🗑
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| Somatic nervous system | show 🗑
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| show | division of peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs
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| Sympathetic nervous system | show 🗑
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| show | division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy.
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| Lesion | show 🗑
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| Electroencephalograph (EEG) | show 🗑
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| show | aka CAT scan; x-ray that shows structure of brain
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| Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | show 🗑
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| Positron emission tomography (PET) | show 🗑
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| Gazzaniga & Sperry | show 🗑
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| show | controls breathing & heartbeat
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| show | helps in coordinating movement as it is the connect between the cerebellum and the cortex
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| Reticular Formation | show 🗑
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| show | coordinates voluntary movement and balance
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| Limbic System | show 🗑
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| Thalamus | show 🗑
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| show | directs maintenance activities (like eating, drinking, body temperature, sleep); helps control endocrine system via pituitary gland
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| Hippocampus | show 🗑
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| Amygdala | show 🗑
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| Cerebral Cortex | show 🗑
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| Cerebral hemispheres | show 🗑
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| Corpus callosum | show 🗑
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| Occipital Lobes | show 🗑
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| Parietal Lobes | show 🗑
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| Somatosensory cortex | show 🗑
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| show | contains auditory cortex & Wernicke's area; mostly deals with hearing
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| show | contains motor cortex & prefrontal cortex (personality, planning, decision making) and Broca's area; number sense, creativity, planning, logic
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| motor cortex | show 🗑
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| show | the parts of the cerebral cortex that are unassigned to a particular task; humans have very large association areas
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| show | Broken speech; person knows answer, but can't physically move their mouth to say it
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| Wernicke's aphasia | show 🗑
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| Endocrine System | show 🗑
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| show | chemical messengers
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| Pituitary gland | show 🗑
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| show | highly active in early childhood and functions to control development of sexual traits
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| Thyroid gland | show 🗑
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| show | located across the back of the abdomen, behind the stomach. The pancreas plays a role in digestion, as well as hormone production.
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| show | The sex organs in a male or female animal which make the cells needed to produce babies.
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| show | The pair of organs in a woman's body which produce eggs. Also the part of any female animal or plant that produces eggs or seeds
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| Testes | show 🗑
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| Adrenal glands | show 🗑
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| show | The threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes. A human cell has twenty-three pairs of chromosomes, one member of each pair coming from each parent.
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| DNA | show 🗑
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| show | the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; they are segments of the DNA molecules capable of synthesizing a protein.
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