Treating seizures with benzodiazepines
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| Like barbiturates, ________ intensify the effect of ______ in the brain. | benzodiazepines; GABA
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| The benzodiazepines bind directly to the GABA receptor, suppressing abnormal _______ _______. | neuronal foci
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| Benzodiazepines used in treating ________ include clonazepam (Klonopin), clorazepate (Tranxene), lorazepam (Ativan), and diazepam (Valium). | epilepsy
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| Benzodiazepines treat _______ seizures and ________ seizures. | absence; myoclonic
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| _______ diazepam is used to treat status epilepticus. | Parenteral
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| A patient's dose of benzodiazepines may need to be frequently adjusted due to _______. | tolerance
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| Seizures may ______ only after a few months due to tolerance of benzodiazepines. | recur
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| Benzodiazepines are generally not used ______ in seizure pharmacotherapy. | alone
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| Benzodiazepines serve as _______ to other anti seizure drugs for short-term seizure control. | adjuncts
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| The _______ are one of the most widely prescribed classes of drugs. | benzodiazepines
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| Benzodiazepines are not only used to control _______. | seizures
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| Benzodiazepines are also used for _______, skeletal muscle spasms, and _______ ________ ________. | anxiety; alcohol withdrawal symptoms
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| Common adverse effects of benzodiazepines include drowsiness, sedation and _______. | ataxia
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| Laryngospasm, respiratory depression, ________ ________, and coma are serious adverse effects of using benzodiazepines. | cardiac collapse
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| Diazepam (_________) is in the therapeutic class anti seizure drug. | Valium
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| Diazepam binds to the GABA receptor-_______ ________ throughout the CNS. | chloride channels
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| Diazepam produces its effects by _______ neuronal activity in the limbic system and subsequent impulses that might be transmitted to the _______ activating system. | suppressing; reticular
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| When administering diazepam (Valium) IV, monitor _______ every 5 to 15 minutes. | respirations
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| Diazepam is a pregnancy category _____ drug. | D
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| Tolerance to diazepam may develop after about ____ weeks. | 4
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| When used orally, ______ therapeutic effect may take from 1 to 2 weeks. | maximum
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| Effects if diazepam are suppression of _______ _______ ______ that may cause seizures, calming without strong sedation and _______ ________ relaxation. | abnormal neuronal foci; skeletal muscle
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| When using in injectable form, diazepam should be avoided under which conditions? | shock, coma, depressed vital signs, obstetrical patients and infants less that 30 days of age
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| In tablet form, diazepam should not be used in infants less than ____ _____ of age. | 6 months
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| In patients with acute narrow-angle glaucoma or untreated open-angle glaucoma __________ should not be used. | diazepam
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| Diazepam should not be taken with _____ or other CNS depressants because of combined sedation effects. | alcohol
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| Cimetidine, oral contraceptives, valproic acid, and metropolol, which ______ diazepam's action. | potentiate
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| Levodopa and ______ decrease diazepam's action. | barbiturates
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| Diazepam increases the levels of _______ in the bloodstream and may cause phenytoin toxicity. | phenytoin
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| The herbs ______ and _______ may cause increased drug effect. | kava; chamomile
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| If an overdose of diazepam occurs, administer ______, a specific benzodiazepine receptor agonist to reverse CNS depression. | flumazenil (Romazicon)
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