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Benzodiazepines
Treating seizures with benzodiazepines
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Like barbiturates, ________ intensify the effect of ______ in the brain. | benzodiazepines; GABA |
| The benzodiazepines bind directly to the GABA receptor, suppressing abnormal _______ _______. | neuronal foci |
| Benzodiazepines used in treating ________ include clonazepam (Klonopin), clorazepate (Tranxene), lorazepam (Ativan), and diazepam (Valium). | epilepsy |
| Benzodiazepines treat _______ seizures and ________ seizures. | absence; myoclonic |
| _______ diazepam is used to treat status epilepticus. | Parenteral |
| A patient's dose of benzodiazepines may need to be frequently adjusted due to _______. | tolerance |
| Seizures may ______ only after a few months due to tolerance of benzodiazepines. | recur |
| Benzodiazepines are generally not used ______ in seizure pharmacotherapy. | alone |
| Benzodiazepines serve as _______ to other anti seizure drugs for short-term seizure control. | adjuncts |
| The _______ are one of the most widely prescribed classes of drugs. | benzodiazepines |
| Benzodiazepines are not only used to control _______. | seizures |
| Benzodiazepines are also used for _______, skeletal muscle spasms, and _______ ________ ________. | anxiety; alcohol withdrawal symptoms |
| Common adverse effects of benzodiazepines include drowsiness, sedation and _______. | ataxia |
| Laryngospasm, respiratory depression, ________ ________, and coma are serious adverse effects of using benzodiazepines. | cardiac collapse |
| Diazepam (_________) is in the therapeutic class anti seizure drug. | Valium |
| Diazepam binds to the GABA receptor-_______ ________ throughout the CNS. | chloride channels |
| Diazepam produces its effects by _______ neuronal activity in the limbic system and subsequent impulses that might be transmitted to the _______ activating system. | suppressing; reticular |
| When administering diazepam (Valium) IV, monitor _______ every 5 to 15 minutes. | respirations |
| Diazepam is a pregnancy category _____ drug. | D |
| Tolerance to diazepam may develop after about ____ weeks. | 4 |
| When used orally, ______ therapeutic effect may take from 1 to 2 weeks. | maximum |
| Effects if diazepam are suppression of _______ _______ ______ that may cause seizures, calming without strong sedation and _______ ________ relaxation. | abnormal neuronal foci; skeletal muscle |
| When using in injectable form, diazepam should be avoided under which conditions? | shock, coma, depressed vital signs, obstetrical patients and infants less that 30 days of age |
| In tablet form, diazepam should not be used in infants less than ____ _____ of age. | 6 months |
| In patients with acute narrow-angle glaucoma or untreated open-angle glaucoma __________ should not be used. | diazepam |
| Diazepam should not be taken with _____ or other CNS depressants because of combined sedation effects. | alcohol |
| Cimetidine, oral contraceptives, valproic acid, and metropolol, which ______ diazepam's action. | potentiate |
| Levodopa and ______ decrease diazepam's action. | barbiturates |
| Diazepam increases the levels of _______ in the bloodstream and may cause phenytoin toxicity. | phenytoin |
| The herbs ______ and _______ may cause increased drug effect. | kava; chamomile |
| If an overdose of diazepam occurs, administer ______, a specific benzodiazepine receptor agonist to reverse CNS depression. | flumazenil (Romazicon) |
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