Autonomic Nervous System
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| acetylcholine (Ach) | primary neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system; also present in somatic neuromuscular junctions and at sympathetic preganglionic nerves
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| acetylcholinesterase (AchE) | enzyme that degrades acetylcholine within the synaptic cleft, enhancing effects of the neurotransmitter
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| adrenergic | relating to nerves that release norepinephrine or epinephrine
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| adrenergic antagonist | drug that blocks the actions of the sympathetic nervous system
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| alpha receptor (a receptor) | type of sub receptor found in the sympathetic nervous system
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| anticholinergic | drug that blocks the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system
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| autonomic nervous system | controls involuntary responses by influencing organs, glands, and smooth muscle
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| beta receptor | type of sub receptor found in the sympathetic nervous system
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| catecholamines | class of agents secreted in response to stress that include norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (adrenalin) and dopamine
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| central nervous system (CNS) | receives and processes information; initiates action
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| cholinergic | relating to nerves that release acetylcholine (Ach)
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| fight-or-flight response | characteristic set of signs and symptoms produced when the sympathetic nervous system is activated
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| ganglionic synapse | region where two neurons meet in a ganglion
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| monoamine oxidase (MAO) | enzyme that destroys norepinephrine (NE) in the nerve terminal
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| muscarinic | type of cholinergic receptor found in smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
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| myasthenia gravis | motor disorder caused by a destruction of nicotinic receptors on skeletal muscles and characterized by profound muscular fatigue
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| nicotinic | type of cholinergic receptor found in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
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| norepinephrine (NE) | primary neurotransmitter in the sympathetic nervous sytem
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| parasympathetic nervous system | portion of the autonomic nervous system that is active during periods of rest and that results in the rest or relaxation response
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| parasympathomimetic | drug that mimics the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system
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| peripheral nervous system (PNS) | transmits signals between the CNS and the rest of the body
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| postganglionic neuron | neuron that receives an action potential from preganglionic neuron
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| preganglionic neuron | neuron that creates an action potential and sends it to a postganglionic neuron
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| rest-and-digest response | signs and symptoms produced when the parasympathetic nervous system is activated
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| somatic nervous system | controls voluntary movements by activating skeletal muscles
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| sympathetic nervous system | portion of the autonomic nervous system that is active during periods of stress and results in the fight-or-flight response
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| sympatholytic | term referring to inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system; actions opposite of sympathomimetic functions in the body
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| sympathomimetic | drug that stimulates or mimics the sympathetic nervous system
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| synapse | junction between two neurons consisting of a presynaptic nerve, a synaptic cleft, and a postsynaptic nerve
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| synaptic transmission | process by which a neurotransmitter reaches receptors to regenerate the action potential
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