Plants IB Topic 9
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| abiotic factors | non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the function of ecoyststems
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| apoplastic movement | it is the movement in the free diffusional space outside the plasma membrane
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| germination | the process by which a plant grows from a seed
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| gravitropism | turning or growth movement by a plant or fungus in response to gravity
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| halophyte | a plant adapted to growing in saline conditions
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| micropropagation | the propagation of plants by growing plantlets in tissue culture and then planting them out
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| mutualism | mutualism
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| phototropism | the orientation of a plant or other organisms in response to light, either towards the source of light (positive) or away from it (negative)
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| Pollination | the carrying of pollen grains (the male sex cells in plants) to the female sex cells for fertilization
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| potometer | a device used for measuring the rate of water uptake of a leafy plant shoot
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| seed dispersal | movement or transport of seeds away from the parent plant
sink
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| sink | recieves or stores energy for the plant (roots)
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| source | sends energy for the plant (leaves)
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| symplastic movement | the diffusion of water on the inner side of the plasma membrane
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| translocation | when the sap is pumped into the companion cell and water moves by osmosis
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| amylase | an enzyme, found chiefly in saliva and pancreatic fluid, that converts starch and glycogen into simple sugars.
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| auxin | a plant hormone that causes the elongation of cells in shoots and is involved in regulating plant growth.
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| cytokinins | Another term for Kinin. A compound that promotes cell division and inhibits aging in plants
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| gibberellin | any of a group of plant hormones that stimulate stem elongation, germination, and flowering.
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| IAA | Indole-3-acetic acid is the most common, naturally-occurring, plant hormone of the auxin class.
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| lignin/ lignified | a complex organic polymer deposited in the cell walls of many plants, making them rigid and woody.
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| maltose/ sucrose/glucose | Starch creates maltos/sucrose and glucose to give energy to germinating plants
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| PFR | When Pr absorbs red light, it is converted to the Pfr form.
Absorbs at a peak of 666 nm
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| PR | When Pfr absorbs far red light, it is converted to the Pr form
Absorbs at a peak of 730 nm
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| anther | where pollen is produced
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| apical meristem | primary meristem tissue with undifferentiated cell s
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| cambium | responsible for secondary growth of stems and roots
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| casparian strip | regulates water and mineral uptake by the roots
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| companion cells | regulates the flow of nutrients through the tubes
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| cortex | storage of photosynthetic products; active in the uptake of water and minerals
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| cotyledon | usually becomes the embryonic first leaves of a seedling
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| dicotyledon | plants with two initial cotyledons (seed leaf)
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| epidermis | protect underlying cells, also allows sunlight to pass through the chloroplast
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| fungus hyphae | Aids plants in nutrient and water absorption
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| guard cells | regulate rate of transportation by opening and closing stomata
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| micropyle | refers to any opening in an ovule's outer layer. This opening allows pollen to fertilize the plant
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| monocotyledon | one seed leaves which develop from the plumule
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| ovary | contains the ovules which has the egg cell inside. After fertilization the ovary becomes a fruit
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| phloem | vascular tissue that distributes organic molecules mainly manufactured in leaves
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| pollen tube | tube that grows towards ovules after pollen is spread on the stigma
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| procambium | cambium in young stage, will form vacular tissue
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| protoderm | early stage, will develop into epidermis
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| reproductive structures | flowers (pistil is the female organ, the stamen is the male organ)
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| root hair | Tube-like extension of plant roots that absorbs water and minerals, increase surface area
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| sepal | Parts that surround and protect the bud
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| sieve tube | transport carbohydrates e.g. sucrose in plant
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| stem | support the leaves, conduct water and mineral to leaves
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| roots | part of plant for support the plant, and absorb water and nutrients
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| stigma | female part that receives pollen
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| stomata | control tradeoff for plant, alloe CO2 in but let water escape
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| style | assist with fertilization by being location where pollen tube travel sperm cell to egg
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| testa | block entrance of water, hinder gas exchange so embryo lack oxygen aka the seed coat
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| tracheids | found in xylem with vessel elements for transport of water and mineral salts
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| tubers | modified stems for nutrient storage, nutrient sinks
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| vascular bundle | transport system, including supporting and protective tissues
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| vegetative structures | structural modification of stem
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| xylem vessels | vascular system element that transport water and dissolved ions up to stems and leaves.
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| meristem tissue | the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones of the plant where growth can take place.
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