radiation biology quiz 1 ch 32
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| Radiobiology | the study of the effects of ionizing radiation on biologic tissue
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| Early effects | symptoms seen minutes or days after an exposure
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| Late effects | symptoms seen months or years after an exposure
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| Examples of late effects of radiation | leukemia, radiation induced cancers, tissue damage, shortened life span
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| What happens with radiation exposure at the atomic level? | molecular change, abnormal cell growth and metabolism
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| What are the 5 principle molecule types in the body? | water, protein, lipids, carbos, nucleic acid
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| Catabolism | breaking down molecules into smaller units, releases energy
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| Anabolism | production of large molecules from smaller parts, uses energy
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| What are the base pairs for DNA? | Adenine – Thymine, Cytosine – Guanine
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| What are the base pairs or RNA? | Adenine – Uracil, Cytosine – Guanine
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| What is cell proliferation? | division (mitosis, meiosis)
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| Which type of division do somatic cells undergo? | mitosis
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| According to biologists, what are the stages of mitosis? | G1, S, G2
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| What are the normal stages of mitosis? | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
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| What is G1? | the gap in growth between M (mitosis) and S (synthesis/replication)
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| What is the S phase? | DNA replication
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| What is the G2 phase? | post DNA synthesis phase of cell growth
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| During which stage of mitosis is DNA damage repaired? | G1
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| Which is the least sensitive biologists stage of mitosis? | S
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| When is incorrectly replicated DNA fixed? | During the G2 phase
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| During which regular stage of mitosis are chromosomes analyzed for damage? | metaphase
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| What do we call the division of genetic cells? | meiosis
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| Meiosis 1 | cell splits into 2 daughter cells
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| Meiosis 2 | the daughter cells split into cellular material, without replicating
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| How many chromosomes are present at the end of meiosis 1? | 46 (2n)
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| How many chromosomes are present at the end of meiosis 2? | 23 (n)
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| Immature cells are: | undifferentiated and radiosensitive
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| An example of an immature cell is: | a stem cell
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| Mature cells are: | differentiated, radioresistent
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| An example of a mature cell is: | a specialized cell, tissues
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| What determines the radiosensitivity of an organ? | function, maturation rate, inherent sensitivity
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| What is a macromolecule? | a long chain of compounds
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| Chromosome | a bundle of DNA
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| What happens when a base pair is knocked out? | if it is no correctly repaired, the mutation will be replicated
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| What is the most sensitive stage or mitosis? | M
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| Which stage of mitosis is least sensitive? | S
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