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rad bio ch 32
radiation biology quiz 1 ch 32
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Radiobiology | the study of the effects of ionizing radiation on biologic tissue |
| Early effects | symptoms seen minutes or days after an exposure |
| Late effects | symptoms seen months or years after an exposure |
| Examples of late effects of radiation | leukemia, radiation induced cancers, tissue damage, shortened life span |
| What happens with radiation exposure at the atomic level? | molecular change, abnormal cell growth and metabolism |
| What are the 5 principle molecule types in the body? | water, protein, lipids, carbos, nucleic acid |
| Catabolism | breaking down molecules into smaller units, releases energy |
| Anabolism | production of large molecules from smaller parts, uses energy |
| What are the base pairs for DNA? | Adenine – Thymine, Cytosine – Guanine |
| What are the base pairs or RNA? | Adenine – Uracil, Cytosine – Guanine |
| What is cell proliferation? | division (mitosis, meiosis) |
| Which type of division do somatic cells undergo? | mitosis |
| According to biologists, what are the stages of mitosis? | G1, S, G2 |
| What are the normal stages of mitosis? | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| What is G1? | the gap in growth between M (mitosis) and S (synthesis/replication) |
| What is the S phase? | DNA replication |
| What is the G2 phase? | post DNA synthesis phase of cell growth |
| During which stage of mitosis is DNA damage repaired? | G1 |
| Which is the least sensitive biologists stage of mitosis? | S |
| When is incorrectly replicated DNA fixed? | During the G2 phase |
| During which regular stage of mitosis are chromosomes analyzed for damage? | metaphase |
| What do we call the division of genetic cells? | meiosis |
| Meiosis 1 | cell splits into 2 daughter cells |
| Meiosis 2 | the daughter cells split into cellular material, without replicating |
| How many chromosomes are present at the end of meiosis 1? | 46 (2n) |
| How many chromosomes are present at the end of meiosis 2? | 23 (n) |
| Immature cells are: | undifferentiated and radiosensitive |
| An example of an immature cell is: | a stem cell |
| Mature cells are: | differentiated, radioresistent |
| An example of a mature cell is: | a specialized cell, tissues |
| What determines the radiosensitivity of an organ? | function, maturation rate, inherent sensitivity |
| What is a macromolecule? | a long chain of compounds |
| Chromosome | a bundle of DNA |
| What happens when a base pair is knocked out? | if it is no correctly repaired, the mutation will be replicated |
| What is the most sensitive stage or mitosis? | M |
| Which stage of mitosis is least sensitive? | S |
Created by:
annaluz87
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