LP7 chapter review
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| What is the action of mucolytics? | decrease the hypersecretion of and liquefy pulmonary secretions
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| example of a mucolytic? | acetylsysteine
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| what is the action of expectorants? | increase secretions, reduce viscosity, and help to expel sputum
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| example of an expectorant? | guaifenesin
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| what is the action of antitussive? | produce cough suppression by acting centrally on the cough center located in the brainstem.
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| example of an antitussive? | benzonatate
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| what is the action of an antihistamine? | antagonize the histamine1 receptor sites. combat the increased capillary permeability and edema, inflammation and itch caused by sudden histamine release.
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| example of an antihistamine? | azelastine
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| what is the action of a decongestant? | constrict blood vessels in the respiratory tract, helping to open nasal airways.
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| example of a decongestant? | phenylephrine
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| what is the most common side effect when taking antihistamines? | drowsiness
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| what is the difference between maintenance and rescue inhalers? | rescue inhaler is used first (saba) to relax the rings of the trachea, then a maintenance inhaler is used (laba), reaching farther into lungs to make sure attack doesn't happen again
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| what does saba stand for? | short acting beta agonist
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| what does laba stand for? | long acting beta agonist
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| what is bronchitis? | inflammation of the mucous membrane in the bronchial tubes, usually causes coughing
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| what is emphysema? | a condition where the air sacs in the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness
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| what is pulmonary embolism? | a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs, mostly caused by blood clots from the legs.
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| What is TB? | an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, which usually attacks the lungs.
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| What is asthma? | a condition in which airways narrow and swell and produce extra mucous making breathing difficult
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| what is cystic fibrosis? | an inherited disorder that causes severe damage to the lungs and digestive system
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| what medications are prescribed to treat TB? (2) | isoniazid, rifampin
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| what medications are prescribed to treat asthma? (7) | albuterol sulfate, lavalbuterol, arformoterol, formoterol, salmeterol, epinephrine, racepinephrine
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| what medication is prescribed to treat cystic fibrosis? | acetylcysteine (mucomyst)
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| What is a MDI? | metered dose inhaler
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| how are MDIs mostly recorded? (what kind of units?) | Mcg
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| Is albuterol sulfate (Proair,Proventil, Ventolin) a SABA or LABA? | SABA
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| Is levalbuterol (Xopenex) a SABA or LABA? | SABA
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| what does SABA stand for? | short-acting beta2 agonists (bronchodilators)
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| What does LABA stand for? | long-acting beta2 agonists (bronchodilators)
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| is arformoterol (Brovana) a SABA or LABA? | LABA
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| is formoterol (Foradil Aerolizer, Perforomist) a SABA or LABA? | LABA
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| is salmeterol (Serevent Diskus) a SABA or LABA? | LABA
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| is ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) short acting or long acting bronchodilator? | short
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| is ipratropium/albuterol (Combivent Respimat, DuoNeb) long acting or short acting? | short
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| is tiotropium (Spiriva HandiHaler) long acting or short acting? | long
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| Give some instructions for MDIs | -don't purse lips, -expire all air in lungs first, -hold about one inch from mouth, -keep mouth open, take as deep of a breath as possible, -hold for 5 to 10 secs or longer
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| Spacers for inhalers are used for? | making sure that all of the medicine gets to the patient
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| T or F: spacers for inhalers are used for children only | False, they are also for adults
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| about how long does a nebulizer take to complete? | 15 min
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| what should patients on oxygen therapy be instructed not to do? | smoke
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| T or F: oxygen therapy is useful, but doesn't need to be added to the patient's med list. | False
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| how is oxygen therapy documented? | Liters per minute
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| what disorder does mast cell stabilizers prevent? | Asthma
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| what type of drug is codeine with guaifenesin considered? | Antitussive
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| Give an example of a SABA | albuterol sulfate
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| Give an example of a LABA | salmeterol
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| what should a patient with non-viral bronchitis be instructed to do if they have a lot of fluid build up? | drink plenty of fluids to "unplug themselves"
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| what class of meds treat asthma? | bronchodilators
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| what condition includes a barrel chest? | emphysema
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| what is the goal of oxygen therapy | to relieve hypoxia
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| what are some side effects of bronchodilators? | -hypertension (the main one), -coughing, -dry mouth, -tachycardia
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| what class treats cystic fibrosis? | mycolytics
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| what part of the brain do antitussives act on? | the medulla oblongata
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| what class of meds treat cough? | expectorants
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| what med is given to patients with apnea? | caffeine citrate
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| what class is Sudafed under? | decongestant
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| What is necessary in order to purchase Sudafed? | driver's license
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| what do irritated or injured cells produce? | histamines
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| what class is Benadryl under? | antihistamines
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| what is the medical term for fluids that are coughed up from the lungs? | sputum
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| what percentage is considered hypoxia? | under 91-93% O2 saturation
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| T or F: there must be a written prescription for oxygen | True
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| what are the two teams of respiratory drugs? | B.A.M. (bronchodilators) and M.A.L.(anti-inflammatory)
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| what does B.A.M. stand for? | B=beta 2 agonists (albuterol)
A=anticholingergic (Atrovent)
M=methylxanthines (Theophylline)
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| What does M.A.L. stand for? | M=mast cell stabilizers (Cromolyn)
A=anti inflammatory steroids (end in -sone or -cort)
L=leukotriene inhibitors (Singulair)
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| what class of drugs are used as a first line therapy for COPD? | anticholinergics (bronchodilators)
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| what is salmeterol (Serevent) used to treat? | COPD
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| what is terbutaline (Brothine) used to treat? | Emphysema
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| what do corticosteroids do for respiratory issues? | -relieve inflammation, reduce swelling, decrease bronchial spasms, suppress symptoms of asthma and COPD, used in conjunction with beta-agonists for asthma
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| T or F: corticostreroids for respiratory issues can be inhaled or intranasal | True
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| for asthma prophylaxis, leukotriene inhibitors and mast cell stabilizers are used to prevent what? | exercised induced bronchoconstriction
(also used for chronic asthma)
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| how long to mast call stabilizers take to work? | 2-6 weeks
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| what conditions are guaifenesin used to treat? | upper tract infections, bronchitis, pharyngitis, influenza
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| antitussives come in ____ and non____ preparations | narcotic, nonnarcotic
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| what is the preferred smoking cessation aid? | nicotine replacement therapy
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| examples of meds for nicotine replacement therapy? | NicoDerm, Nicorette, Nicotrol
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| what is bupropion (Zyban) used to treat? | smoking cessation
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| what is varenicline (Chantix) used for and how does it work? | it is a smoking cessation aid, it works by telling the brain that smoking is not pleasurable.
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