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Tera's Pharm
LP7 chapter review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the action of mucolytics? | decrease the hypersecretion of and liquefy pulmonary secretions |
| example of a mucolytic? | acetylsysteine |
| what is the action of expectorants? | increase secretions, reduce viscosity, and help to expel sputum |
| example of an expectorant? | guaifenesin |
| what is the action of antitussive? | produce cough suppression by acting centrally on the cough center located in the brainstem. |
| example of an antitussive? | benzonatate |
| what is the action of an antihistamine? | antagonize the histamine1 receptor sites. combat the increased capillary permeability and edema, inflammation and itch caused by sudden histamine release. |
| example of an antihistamine? | azelastine |
| what is the action of a decongestant? | constrict blood vessels in the respiratory tract, helping to open nasal airways. |
| example of a decongestant? | phenylephrine |
| what is the most common side effect when taking antihistamines? | drowsiness |
| what is the difference between maintenance and rescue inhalers? | rescue inhaler is used first (saba) to relax the rings of the trachea, then a maintenance inhaler is used (laba), reaching farther into lungs to make sure attack doesn't happen again |
| what does saba stand for? | short acting beta agonist |
| what does laba stand for? | long acting beta agonist |
| what is bronchitis? | inflammation of the mucous membrane in the bronchial tubes, usually causes coughing |
| what is emphysema? | a condition where the air sacs in the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness |
| what is pulmonary embolism? | a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs, mostly caused by blood clots from the legs. |
| What is TB? | an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, which usually attacks the lungs. |
| What is asthma? | a condition in which airways narrow and swell and produce extra mucous making breathing difficult |
| what is cystic fibrosis? | an inherited disorder that causes severe damage to the lungs and digestive system |
| what medications are prescribed to treat TB? (2) | isoniazid, rifampin |
| what medications are prescribed to treat asthma? (7) | albuterol sulfate, lavalbuterol, arformoterol, formoterol, salmeterol, epinephrine, racepinephrine |
| what medication is prescribed to treat cystic fibrosis? | acetylcysteine (mucomyst) |
| What is a MDI? | metered dose inhaler |
| how are MDIs mostly recorded? (what kind of units?) | Mcg |
| Is albuterol sulfate (Proair,Proventil, Ventolin) a SABA or LABA? | SABA |
| Is levalbuterol (Xopenex) a SABA or LABA? | SABA |
| what does SABA stand for? | short-acting beta2 agonists (bronchodilators) |
| What does LABA stand for? | long-acting beta2 agonists (bronchodilators) |
| is arformoterol (Brovana) a SABA or LABA? | LABA |
| is formoterol (Foradil Aerolizer, Perforomist) a SABA or LABA? | LABA |
| is salmeterol (Serevent Diskus) a SABA or LABA? | LABA |
| is ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) short acting or long acting bronchodilator? | short |
| is ipratropium/albuterol (Combivent Respimat, DuoNeb) long acting or short acting? | short |
| is tiotropium (Spiriva HandiHaler) long acting or short acting? | long |
| Give some instructions for MDIs | -don't purse lips, -expire all air in lungs first, -hold about one inch from mouth, -keep mouth open, take as deep of a breath as possible, -hold for 5 to 10 secs or longer |
| Spacers for inhalers are used for? | making sure that all of the medicine gets to the patient |
| T or F: spacers for inhalers are used for children only | False, they are also for adults |
| about how long does a nebulizer take to complete? | 15 min |
| what should patients on oxygen therapy be instructed not to do? | smoke |
| T or F: oxygen therapy is useful, but doesn't need to be added to the patient's med list. | False |
| how is oxygen therapy documented? | Liters per minute |
| what disorder does mast cell stabilizers prevent? | Asthma |
| what type of drug is codeine with guaifenesin considered? | Antitussive |
| Give an example of a SABA | albuterol sulfate |
| Give an example of a LABA | salmeterol |
| what should a patient with non-viral bronchitis be instructed to do if they have a lot of fluid build up? | drink plenty of fluids to "unplug themselves" |
| what class of meds treat asthma? | bronchodilators |
| what condition includes a barrel chest? | emphysema |
| what is the goal of oxygen therapy | to relieve hypoxia |
| what are some side effects of bronchodilators? | -hypertension (the main one), -coughing, -dry mouth, -tachycardia |
| what class treats cystic fibrosis? | mycolytics |
| what part of the brain do antitussives act on? | the medulla oblongata |
| what class of meds treat cough? | expectorants |
| what med is given to patients with apnea? | caffeine citrate |
| what class is Sudafed under? | decongestant |
| What is necessary in order to purchase Sudafed? | driver's license |
| what do irritated or injured cells produce? | histamines |
| what class is Benadryl under? | antihistamines |
| what is the medical term for fluids that are coughed up from the lungs? | sputum |
| what percentage is considered hypoxia? | under 91-93% O2 saturation |
| T or F: there must be a written prescription for oxygen | True |
| what are the two teams of respiratory drugs? | B.A.M. (bronchodilators) and M.A.L.(anti-inflammatory) |
| what does B.A.M. stand for? | B=beta 2 agonists (albuterol) A=anticholingergic (Atrovent) M=methylxanthines (Theophylline) |
| What does M.A.L. stand for? | M=mast cell stabilizers (Cromolyn) A=anti inflammatory steroids (end in -sone or -cort) L=leukotriene inhibitors (Singulair) |
| what class of drugs are used as a first line therapy for COPD? | anticholinergics (bronchodilators) |
| what is salmeterol (Serevent) used to treat? | COPD |
| what is terbutaline (Brothine) used to treat? | Emphysema |
| what do corticosteroids do for respiratory issues? | -relieve inflammation, reduce swelling, decrease bronchial spasms, suppress symptoms of asthma and COPD, used in conjunction with beta-agonists for asthma |
| T or F: corticostreroids for respiratory issues can be inhaled or intranasal | True |
| for asthma prophylaxis, leukotriene inhibitors and mast cell stabilizers are used to prevent what? | exercised induced bronchoconstriction (also used for chronic asthma) |
| how long to mast call stabilizers take to work? | 2-6 weeks |
| what conditions are guaifenesin used to treat? | upper tract infections, bronchitis, pharyngitis, influenza |
| antitussives come in ____ and non____ preparations | narcotic, nonnarcotic |
| what is the preferred smoking cessation aid? | nicotine replacement therapy |
| examples of meds for nicotine replacement therapy? | NicoDerm, Nicorette, Nicotrol |
| what is bupropion (Zyban) used to treat? | smoking cessation |
| what is varenicline (Chantix) used for and how does it work? | it is a smoking cessation aid, it works by telling the brain that smoking is not pleasurable. |
Created by:
JenSaw77
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