Medication Administration
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| Describe sources of medication | PDR, Hospital formularies, medication handbooks, drug guides, pharmacy
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| Describe reasons for the procedures for medication standards | to ensure all medications are administered properly and safely with minimum errors; a baseline for all nurses to follow basic standards of safe care (6 rights)
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| What are the important components of drug legislation at the state and federal level that effect the nurse | Federal: Pure Food and Drug Act, Food and Drug Administration, National Formulary, MedWatch
State: Local govt, bodies control substances not regulated by fed govt., including use of alcohol and tobacco
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| What are Pharmacokinetics? What is their application& drug therapy? Nursing process? | the study of how meds enter the body, reach site of action, metabolize, exit the body; Use knowledge of pharmacokinetics when timing med admin, selecting route of admin, considering risks for alterations in med action, evaluate patients response
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| What are pharmacodynamics? | process by which drugs alter cell physiology; the branch of pharmacology concerned with the effects of drugs and the mechanism of their action; drug receptor interactions: agonist& antagonist
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| What are Pharmaceutics? | the discipline of pharmacy that deals with the process of turning a new chemical entity (NCE) or old drugs into a medication to be used safely and effectively by patients.;deals with the formulation of a pure drug substance into a dosage form.
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| What is the relevance of the absorption component of pharmacokinetics? | variables bioavailability, route (stomach, acidity), tissues, bloodstream, and body surface area; things you should keeping in mind when administering meds
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| What is the relevance of the distribution component of pharmacokinetics? | Site of absorption to areas of blood supply; faster albumin (protein) levels effect free drug levels
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| What is the relevance of metabolism component of pharmacokinetics? | Biotransformation into an inactive metabolite, a more soluble compound, or a more potent metabolite (liver, microsomal enzymes)
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| What is the relevance of the excretion component of pharmacokinetics? | Glomular filtration, respiration, tubular secretions
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| What are factors that effect medication actions? | Whether you consume meds on an empty stomach, what kinds of food/drink you consume, microsomal enzymes, other drugs being taken, acidity of stomach, blood flow, use of recreational drugs, alcohol consumption, pregnancy
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| Explain pharmotherapeutics of medication administration | Acute therapy, maintenance therapy, palliative therapy (comfort), prophylactic therapy (prevent it from happening)
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| How do factors such as age influence drug actions? | Can cause patient to have paradoxical effect where the opposite of the desired effect is displayed (very young/very old), elderly precautions (fall risk), smaller doses for children and elderly, children mostly receive liquid forms
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| What are factors to consider when choosing the route of mediation administration | Age, any recent procedures/surgeries, injuries,labels display preferred route, where meds previously placed (rotate sites)
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| What are nursing responsibilities of medication administration | Follow 6 rights, check and compare meds to MAR 3 times prior to admin, no distractions, responsible for ALL meds administered (even when ordered by a dr. and it is wrong) ULTIMATELY YOUR DECISION; (can refuse if uncomfortable)
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| Describe procedure for administration of medications | perform hand hygiene, ensure privacy, 6 rights, 2 identifiers, check/compare med to MAR 3 times prior to admin, ensure patient understanding of med/reason for use, locate/inspect site, ensure proper equipment is being used
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| What are the 6 rights of medication administration | RIGHT PATIENT; RIGHT DOSE; RIGHT ROUTE; RIGHT TIME; RIGHT MEDICATION; RIGHT DOCUMENTATION
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| Implement nursing action to prevent errors in medicine admin | Prepare one med at a time, no distractions, designated med prep area, label ALL meds/syringes, check&compare med to MAR 3 times prior to admin
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| Explain the patients right to refuse medication/treatment | Patient has the right to refuse any med or treatment provided; always make sure patient understands all procedures and reason for meds administered, inquire why there is refusal, ensure privacy/confidentiality
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