Concept 41: Communication
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| Communication | is a process of interaction between people in which symbols are used to create, exchange, and interpret messages about ideas, emotions, and mind states.
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| Spoken communication | gestures, facial expressions, and body movements
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| Written communication | abbreviations, medical terminology, and spelling errors
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| Scope of communication | The scope ranges from effective communication to no communication. ( Effective communication <- ineffective communication -> absence of communication )
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| Three primary categories of communication | linguistic communication, paralinguistic communication, and metacommunication
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| Linguistic communication | spoken words or written symbols
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| Paralinguistic communication | nonverbal messages (e.g., gestures, eye contact, facial expressions)
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| Metacommunication | context of the message
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| Communication process | interpretation affected by perceptions, linguistics, paralinguistics, context and feedback
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| Complementary exchange: in each exchange, each participant is, in turn, | either a sender or a receiver.
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| Complementary exchange: As each transmission is completed, | the receiver perceives the message, interprets the symbols, and responds again using symbols.
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| Communication context: Context is important to the | quality of meaning derived by participants during the process of complementary exchange.
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| Communication context: | characteristics of the environment, internal mood states, mental and physical conditions, experience and education, environment, and culture.
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| Communication Context: Hierarchical relationships- | relationships ALWAYS affect the communication process.
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| In hierarchical relationships, | power and status affect communication between participants.
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| Communication is a | learned skill acquired over time.
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| Unique communication patterns with the health care environment: | medical terminology or professional language, health care, culture, communicating with patients, communicating with other nurses, communicating across the health care team, evolving mechanisms for communication.
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| Communication competence means that | communication by the nurse is effective and appropriate.
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| Communication competence includes | skills for communicating clearly and accurately with the patient and family, other nurses, and other members of the health care team.
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| Communication competence evolves | with experience and professional development throughout a nursing career.
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| In the U.S. health care system, an estimated | 98,000 medical errors occur each year that lead to patient injury and death.
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| Communication is a frequently cited | cause of errors in the delivery of health care.
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| SBAR: | one effective communication technique
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| Electronic Health Record | accurate and timely documentation in the patient record.
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| EHR is an important source of | information and a major means of communication between members of the team; legal document; evidence of provider's actions.
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| Advocacy | speaking up for patients to ensure that health needs are met is an expectation within the scope of professional nursing practice.
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| Advocacy is the ability to | speak assertively, credibly, and authoritatively is a highly valued communication skill critical for effective advocacy
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| Interrelated concepts of communication: | listening, culture, critical thinking, care coordination, collaboration
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| Exemplars of communication: | therapeutic communication, interprofessional communication, intrapersonal communication
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| Therapeutic communication: | interviewing, patient and family instructions and teaching, conflict management, effective listening
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| Interprofessional communication: | SBAR, documentation, reporting to other staff members, effective listening
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| Intrapersonal communication: | self-talk
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