First Aid: Microbiology 2
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| Which variant of Neisseria has a polysaccharide capsule? | Meningococci
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| Can cause epiglottitis, meningitis, otitis media, and pneumonia. | Haemophilus influenze; does not cause the flu however
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| This organism causes pneumonia in alcoholics, and diabetics, with a red currant jelly sputum. Also cause of nosocomial UTI's | Klebsiella; 3 A's: aspiration pneumonia, abscess in lungs, alcoholics
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| 3 lactose-fermenting enteric bacteria? | Klebsiella, E.coli, Enterobacter; grow pink colonies on MacConkeys agar
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| Gram negative cocci? | Neisseria
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| Gram negative "coccoid" rod which requires NAD and hematin for culture? | H. influenzae; NAD is factor V and hematin is factor X
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| Coccoid rod with an ADP ribosylating toxin? | Bordetella pertussis
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| Lactose non-fermenting rod, oxidase positive? | pseudomonas
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| Lactose non-fermenting rod, oxidase negative, bloody diarrhea, motile? | Salmonella; "salmon swim"
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| Lactose non-fermenting rod, oxidase positive, bloody diarrhea, immotile? | Shigella
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| This organism can cause bloody diarrhea, and mimic Crohn's or a "pseudoappendicitis". | Yersinia enterocolitica
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| Causes food poisoning through contaminated seafood? | Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulificus
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| Causes food poisoning through reheated rice? | Bacillus cereus
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| Causes food poisoning in meats. (4 organisms) | S. aureus, C perfringens (reheated meat), E.coli, Salmonella
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| These 3 viruses cause watery diarrhea? | rotavirus, adenovirus, norwalk virus
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| This organism causes bloody diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis? | C. difficile
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| This protozoan can cause bloody diarrhea. | Entamoeba histolytica
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| These protoza can cause watery diarrhea, but one strikes campers and the other the immunocomprimised. | Giardia (campers) cryptosporidium (immunocompromised)
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| This organism can cause watery diarrhea and gas gangrene? | C. perfringens
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| This organisms toxin permanently activates Gs causing rice water diarrhea? | Vibrio cholerae
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| This organisms toxin disables Gi, causing a whooping cough? | Pertussis
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| The toxin of this organism is composed of a bacterial adenylate cyclase (edema factor) which increases cAMP. | Bacillus anthracis
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| This organism requires silver stain and has an aerosol transmission from environmental water source. (No person to person transmission) | Legionella
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| This organism is associated with wound and burn infection and a common cause of pneumonia in those with cystic fibrosis. | pseudomonas aeruginosa
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| This urease positive organism is associated with 90% of duodenal ulcers | H. pylori
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| This bacteria is commonly spread by tick bite? | Borrelia burgdorferi in lyme disease (francisella tularensis is also spread by tick bite)
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| This bacteria is associated with flea bite? | Yersinia pestis; plaque
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| This bacteria is the cause of cellulitis with dog and cat bites. | Pasteurella multocida
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| In vaginosis, greenish, vaginal discharge with fishy smell, what would be expected under the microscope? | Gardnerella vaginalis; clue cells, or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria
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| What are common presentations of pseudomonas aeruginosa? | Burn and wound infections and "PSEUDO" Pneumonia (esp in CF), Sepsis (black lesions on skin), External otitis (swimmers ear), UTI, Diabetic osteomyelitis
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| What is the treatment of H. pylori? | 1)bismuth, metronidazole, and TTC or amoxicillin 2) Metronidazole, omeprazole, clarithromycin (expensive)
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| This organism causes an undulant fever and is often acquired from dairy products. | Brucella
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| What is the treatment for pseudomonas aeruginosa? | aminoglycoside plus extended-spectrum penicillin (piperacillin, ticarcillin)
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| What is the treatment for legionella? | Erythromycin
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| What is the treatment for G. vaginalis? | Metronidazole
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| What is the treatment for H. influenzae? | ceftriaxone (meningitis), rifampin (prophylaxis in close contacts)
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| What are the 3 causes of a positive PPD test? (excluding false positive) | Current infection, past exposure, BCG vaccination
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| What is the Ghon complex? | TB granulomas with lobar (usually lower) and perihilar lymph node involvement. Reflects primary infection.
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| What is Pott's disease? | Extrapulmonary TB of the spine that presents as a sort of arthritis of the intervertebral joints.
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| What are the most commmon symptoms of TB? | fever, night sweats, weight loss, and hemoptysis
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| Patients presents with loss of eyebrows, nasal collapse, a deformed earlobe, and multiple lesions of the face. Diagnosis? | Leprosy; mycobacterium leprae
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| Patient presents with fever, headache, and rash. Diagnosis? | Rickettsiae; classic triad of fever, headache and rash. Others my apply but if this is all you get, think Ricketts!
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| What is the treatment for all forms of Rickettsiae? | TTC
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| Patient presents with rash on palms of hand and soles of feet. What is the differential? (Hint: 3 of them) | Rocky mountain spotted fever (Rickettsia), syphillis, Coxsackie A (Hand, foot, and mouth disease)
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| What is the Weil-Felix reaction? | antirickettsial antibodies, usually positive for rocky mountain spotted fever and typhus
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| What is the classic cause of "walking" pneumonia? (insidious onset, headache, nonproductive cough, diffuse interstitial infiltrate) | Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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| What is the treatment for mycoplasma pneumoniae? | tetracycline or erythromycin
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| What are the two forms of chlamydia? | Elementary body which is extracellular form that enters cell by endocytosis; Reticulate body which replicates in cell by fission
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| What are the 3 spirochetes? | Borrelia, leptospira, and treponema
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Created by:
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