Anesthetics and Narcotis
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| consists of the brain and spinal cord | Central Nervous System (CNS)
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| consists of the afferent and efferent system | Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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| composed of the nerves and sense organs that bring information to the CNS | afferent system
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| made up of the nerves that dispatch information from the CNS | efferent system
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| regulates activities of structures that are not under voluntary control and below the level of consciousness. Controls respiration, circulation, digestion, body temperature, metabolism, blood glucose, pupil size, GI mobility, sweating | Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
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| concerned with skeletal muscles, which perform voluntary actions | Somatic Nervous
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| major neurotransmitters | Acetylcholine, GABA, Dopamine, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Serotonin, Glutamate
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| neurotransmitter that starts movement | Acetylcholine
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| neurotransmitter that regulates the message delivery system of the brain | GABA
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| Neurotransmitter that stop movement and change mood | Dopamine
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| Neurotransmitters that is the fight or flight | Epinephrine (adrenaline) and Norepinephrine
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| Neurotransmitter that is emotional responses to certain stimuli | Serotonin
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| Neurotransmitter that is the learning and memory | Glutamate
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| constrict blood vessels | alpha receptors
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| expands the blood vessels, lower blood pressure | alpha blocker
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| increase the heart rate and contractive force of the heart | Beta-1 receptors
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| influence bronchodilation | Beta- 2 receptors
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| not good for asthma | Beta blockers
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| Constipation, decrease sweating, decreased urination, dilated pupil, dry eyes, dry mouth | side effects of anticholinergic drugs
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| effects of anesthesia that all nerve tissue function in the peripheral system is depressed | Nervous system
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| effect of anesthesia that generally irritates the respiratory tract and salivary glands, causing increased mucus secretion, coughing, and spasm. | Respiratory system
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| effect of anesthesia that causes urinary retention | Endocrine System
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| effect of anesthesia that causes the activity of cardiac muscle to reduce which will reduce blood pressure | Cardiovascular system
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| effect of anesthesia that causes muscle relaxation | Skeletal Muscular system
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| effect of anesthesia that can cause nausea and vomiting | GI system
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| the goals of anesthesia are: | amnesia, adequate muscle relaxation, adequate ventilation, and pain control
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| general anesthesia is characterized by 4 reversible actions | unconsciousness, analgesia, skeletal muscle relaxation, and amnesia
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| alleviate pain and depress the respiratory center | narcotics
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| most used preoperative sedatives, relieve anxiety and act as an anticonvulsant | benzodiazepines
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| antiemetic properties and have sedative effects | phenothiazines
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| rare but serious side effects of anesthesia and is associated with a marked increase in intracellular calcium levels. rapid rise in body temperature, irregular heart beat and breathing | Malignant hyperthermia
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| treatment of malignant hyperthermia involves the IV fusion of __________ | Dantrium
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| not a potent anesthetic and is usually used with other agents | nitrous oxide
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| a mild stimulant of salivary secretions and high concentrations may stimulate seizures in susceptible patients, causes uterine relaxation which prohibits its use during labor | Ethrane
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| produces a high incidence of moderate to severe upper respiratory irritation for children and is therefor not recommended for use in the pediatric population for induction of anesthesia | Suprane
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| Other inhaled anesthetics | Forane and Ultane
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| used extensively for open-heart surgery. it also comes as a lozenge and used in children | Fentanyl
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| patients must be continuously monitored | Lusedra
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| patient appears to be awake but neither responds to pain nor remembers the procedure | Ketamine
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| changes urine color to green, pink, and rust. Must be discarded after 12 hours. stable in glass containers | Diprivan
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| in patient who are awake these agents may cause excitement or delirium in the presence of pain | Pentothal
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| Other injectable anesthetics | Amidate and Versed
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| antagonizes benzodiazepines | romazicon
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| antagonist that competes for the opiate receptor sites and is a narcotic | Narcan
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| paralyze the patient skeletal muscles, which enables the surgeon to operate with greater accuracy and safety, should always be flagged | neuromuscular blocking agents
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| Neuromuscular blocking agent "sux" | Succinylcholine
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| anticholinesterase agents | Mestinon
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| produces a transient and reversible loss of sensation in a defined area of the body | local anesthesia
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| in response to the activity of the anesthetic, functions is lost in the following order: | Pain perception, temperature sensation, touch sensation, proprioception,skeletal muscle tone
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| this should not be used as a vasoconstrictor in areas of fingers, toes, ears, nose, or external genitals | Epinephrine
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| comes as a patch, worn for 12 hours and then removed for 12 hours | Lidocaine
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| what is considered as the fifth vital sign | pain
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| pain that usually disappears when the body heals | acute
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| pain that lasts for more than three months | chronic nonmalignant
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| accompanies malignant disease | chronic malignant
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| physiologic responses to pain | catabolism, delayed stomach and bowel function, impaired immune response, increased autonomic activity, negative emotional response, water retention
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| pain modulating chemical that tends to cause insensibility or stupor | narcotic
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| narcotics have the following effects | analgesia, sedation, euphoria and dysphoria
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