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Chapter 3 Vocab

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Term
Definition
Climax Community   the stable, mature community that results when there is little change in the composition of species  
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Community   a group of interacting populations that occupy the same area at the same time  
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Ecological succession   the change in an ecosystem that happens when one community replaces another as a result of changing abiotic and biotic factors  
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Limiting Factor   and abiotic factor or biotic factor that resists the numbers, reproduction, or distibution of organisms  
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Primary Succession   the establishment of a community in an area of exposed rock that does not have any topsoil  
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Secondary Succession   the orderly and predictable change that takes place after a community of organisms has been removed but the soil has remained intact  
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Tolerance   the ability of any organism to survive when subjected to abiotic factors or biotic factors  
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Boreal Forest   biome south of the tundra with dense evergreen forests and long, cold, dry winters  
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Climate   the average weather conditions in an area, including temperature and precipitation  
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Desert   any area in which the annual rate of evaporation exceeds the rate of precipitation  
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Grassland   a biome that is characterized by fertile soild that are able to support a thick cover of grasses  
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Latitude   the distance of any point on the surface of Earth north or south from the equator  
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Temperate Forest   biome south of the boreal forest characterized by broad-leaved, deciduous trees, well-defined seasons, and average yearly precipitation of 75-150 cm.  
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Tropical Rain Forest   hot, wet biome with year-round humidity; contains Earth's most diverse species of plants and animals  
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Tropical Savanna   biome characterized by grasses and scattered trees, and herd animals such as zebras and antalope  
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Tropical Seasonal Forest   biome characterized by deciduous and evergreen trees, a dry season, and animal species that include monkeys, elephants, and Bengal tigers  
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Tundra   treeless biome with permanently frozen soil under the surface and average yearly precipitation of 15-25 cm.  
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Weather   atmospheric conditions such as temperature and precipitation at a specific place and time  
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Woodland   biome characterized by small trees and mixed shrub communities  
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Abyssal Zone   deepest, very cold region of the open ocean  
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Aphotic Zone   open-ocean zone through which sunlight cannot pass  
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Benthic Zone   ocean-floor area consisting of sand, silt, and dead organisms  
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Estuary   unique, transitional ecosystem that supports diverse species and is formed where freshwater and ocean water merge  
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Intertidal Zone   narrow band of shoreline where the ocean and land meet that is alternately submerged and exposed and is home to constantly changing communities  
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Limnetic Zone   well-lit, open-water area of a lake or pond  
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Littoral Zone   area of a lake or pond closets to the shore  
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Photic Zone   open-ocean zone shallow enough for sunlight to penetrate  
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Plankton   tiny marine or freshwater photosynthetic, free-floating autotrophs that serve as a food source for many fish species  
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Profundal Zone   deepests, coldest area of a large lake with little light and limited biodiversity  
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Sediment   material deposited by water, wing, or glaciers  
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Wetlands   water-saturated land area that supports aquatic plants  
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