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Week 3 Vocabulary

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Term
Definition
Photosynthesis   Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into simple sugars  
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Cellular Respiration   What cells do to break up sugars into a form that the cell can use as energy  
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Chlorophyll   A green pigment that traps energy from the sun  
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Glucose   A simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates  
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Epidermis   The outer layer of cells covering an organism, in particular  
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Stomata   Any of the minute pores in the epidermis of the leaf or stem of a plant, forming a slit of variable width that allows movement of gases in and out of the intercellular spaces  
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Transpiration   The process in plants by which water is taken up by the roots and released as water vapor through stomata in the leaves  
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Carbon Dioxide   A waste product made by cells of the body; a gas in the air made of carbon and oxygen atoms: Humans rid themselves of carbon dioxide waste by exhaling, or breathing out  
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Oxygen   An element that makes up about 21% of Earth's atmosphere; a gas in Earth's atmosphere and in water that living organisms breathe  
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Guard Cells   Each of a pair of curved cells that surround a stoma, becoming larger or smaller according to the pressure within the cells  
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Cellulose   An insoluble substance that is the main constituent of plant cell walls and of vegetable fibers such as cotton. It is a polysaccharide consisting of chains of glucose monomers  
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Tropism   The turning of all or part of an organism in a particular direction in response to an external stimulus  
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Xylem   The vascular tissue in plants that conducts water and dissolved nutrients upward from the root and also helps to form the woody element in the stem  
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Phloem   The vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves  
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