EXAM 1 DENSITY
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| What is density? | show 🗑
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| What determines density on an image? | show 🗑
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| show | Black metallic silver is deposited on the emulsion layer of the film after it is radiated by the beam.
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| show | The quality is affected by both photographic and geometric properties.
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| show | mAs (MilliAmperes x exposure time (seconds)
affects the quantity of xray photons produced.
kVp
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| When mAs is increased the quantity of xray photons will | show 🗑
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| With an increase in mAs, density produced on the image will | show 🗑
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| The mAs reciprocity law shows that any combination of mA and time (s) resulting in an equal mAs will | show 🗑
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| To see a noticeable change in density, mAs will need to be increased by | show 🗑
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| To cause a visible change in a KUB shot at 40 mAs, the new mas must be increased by 30% what would the new technique be? | show 🗑
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| show | cut the mAs in half
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| Density rule of thumb, for repeat films with insufficient density, for an underexposure you would | show 🗑
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| show | kVp
SID
Anode-Heel Effect
Beam Restriction
Filtration
Film-Screen Combinations
Grids
Patient Factors
Processing
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| show | Electrical tube voltage that controls speed of electrons crossing from cathode to anode
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| show | As kVp is increased penetrability is increased and thus, density is increased. As kVp is decreased, density is decreased.
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| show | Increaseing or decreasing the kVp by 15% has the same effect as doubling the mAs, or halving it respectively.
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| show | Divergence of the beam affects intensity or the quantity of photons reaching the IR. The relationship is not exactly quantifiable.
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| As SID increases density will | show 🗑
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| show | Increase due to increased beam intensity and less divergence.
An untangled beam has less SID than an angled beam.
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| show | the more intense Cathode side of the beam which is capable of more penetration
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| To utilize the Anode-Heel Effect and create uniform density of an image, the larker thicker part of the anatomy should be positioned under the | show 🗑
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| For a chest exam the cathode side of the tube should be positioned over what area? | show 🗑
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| For an xray of the humerus what part of the anatomy should be under the cathode? | show 🗑
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| show | The hip because of the increased density of the pelvis versus the knee
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| What area of the anatomy for an xray of the tibia/fibula should the cathode be positioned over? | show 🗑
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| What area of the anatomy for an xray of the Tspine should the cathode be positioned over? | show 🗑
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| show | It affects the total number of photons available in the area or field size
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| An INCREASE field size, due to less collimation, will cause | show 🗑
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| A DECREASE in field size, due to increased collimation will cause | show 🗑
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| show | A patients skin
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| show | it absorbs lower-energy photons or "soft" radiation and "hardens" the beam
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| show | density will DECREASE
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| As filtration is DECREASED but beam quantity is increased | show 🗑
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| Film-Screen combination can affect density because | show 🗑
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| Does screen speed or film speed have a greater effect on density? | show 🗑
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| show | LESS exposure
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| show | Good for patients but NOT good for recorded detail
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| Screen speed can be affected by | show 🗑
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| show | RARE EARTH materials such as gadolinium and lanthanum
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| The LARGER the phosphor size | show 🗑
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| The THICKER the phosphor | show 🗑
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| show | the FASTER it will be
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| RS or Relative Speed is the number that | show 🗑
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| show | 400RS
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| show | 100RS
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| As RS is INCREASED | show 🗑
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| show | Density will also DECREASE
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| Grids are used to | show 🗑
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| The use of a grid requires | show 🗑
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| Increased grid RATIO or FREQUENCY results in | show 🗑
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| As grid RATIO/FREQUENCY is INCREASED, thus the amount of radiation reaching the IR is reduced 12:1 more scatter absorbed | show 🗑
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| As grid RATIO/FREQUENCY is DECREASED, thus more radiation reaches the IR 6:1 grid less scatter absorbed | show 🗑
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| show | Height if the grid, divided by the interspace width
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| Grid Frequency is determined by the number | show 🗑
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| Patient factors can also determine the density on an image such as | show 🗑
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| Thicker body parts absorb | show 🗑
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| Thinner body parts absorb | show 🗑
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| As tissue thickness is INCREASED i.e>wrist v.s. knee | show 🗑
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| show | Density is INCREASED
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| Tissue Density varies and then physical makeup depends on it's | show 🗑
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| show | 1-2
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| Fat tissue in the body has an atomic number of | show 🗑
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| show | 7-8
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| show | 14
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| As tissue density is INCREASED, | show 🗑
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| As tissue density is DECREASED | show 🗑
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| show | due to INCREASED part thickness. Plaster is THICKER than fiberglass.
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| Destructive diseases may cause a | show 🗑
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| Osteoporosis and Emphysema cause a | show 🗑
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| show | INCREASE in tissue density and require an INCREASE in mAs and kVp
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| show | DECREASED density
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| If the processing chemicals for the images auto replacement rate is Over-replenished, the resulting films will have | show 🗑
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| show | DECREASED density
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| If the temperature of the developer is above the optimal temperature, the images will have | show 🗑
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Created by:
ABIGAILDRAKE1984
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