Biology Vocab
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| biosphere | part of earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere
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| species | a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
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| population | group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area
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| community | assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined are
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| ecosystem | all the organisms that live in a place, together with their nonliving environment
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| biome | a group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms
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| ecology | scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environments
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| biotic factor | any living part of the environment with which an organism might interact
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| abiotic factor | physical, or nonliving, factor that shapes an ecosystem
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| autotrophs | organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer
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| primary producers | first producer of energy-rich compounds that are later used by other organisms
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| photosynthesis | process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
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| chemosynthesis | process in which chemical energy is used to produce carbohydrates
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| heterotrophs | organism that obtains food by consuming other living things; also called a consumer
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| consumers | organism that relies on others for its energy and food supply; also called a heterotroph
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| food chain | series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
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| phytoplankton | photosynthetic algae found near the surface of the ocean
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| food web | network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem
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| zooplankton | small free-floating animals that form part of plankton
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| trophic level | each step in a food chain or food web
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| ecological pyramids | illustration of the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a given food chain or food web
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| biomass | total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level
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| biogeochemical cycles | process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another from one biosphere to another
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| nutrients | chemical substance that an organism needs to sustain life
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| nitrogen fixation | process of converting nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds that plants can absorb and use
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| denitrification | process by which bacteria converts nitrates into nitrogen gas
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| limiting nutrient | single essential nutrient that limits productivity inn an ecosystem
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