Unit 1 - Ecology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Biosphere | Consists of all life on earth and all parts of the earth where life exists
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| Ecology | Scientific studies of interaction among and between organisms and their physical environment
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| Population | Group of individuals of the same species and live in the same area
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| Community | Different populations that live together in a certain area
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| Ecosystem | All organisms that live in a place together with their physical environment
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| Biome | Group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms
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| Biotic Factor | Living part of the environment which an organism might interact
Examples: animals, mushrooms, plants, and bacteria
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| Abiotic Factor | Nonliving part of the environment
Example: sunlight, heat, wind, water currents, soil type, and precipitation
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| Autotroph | Organisms that capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and convert it into forms that living cells can use; also called a primary producer
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| Primary Producer | Organisms that store energy in forms that make it available to other organisms that eat them
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| Heterotroph | Organisms that must get energy from other organisms by ingesting them; also called consumers
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| Consumer | Organisms classified by the way they require energy
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| Niche | The environment where an organism lives and how it interacts with biotic and abiotic factors
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| Habitat | Place where an organism lives
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| Resource | Necessities of life such as food, water, and shelter
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| Predation | One animal capturing and feeding on another animal
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| Herbivory | One animal that feeds on plants and other producers
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| Symbosis | Two species that live together
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| Mutualism | Relationship of species in which both benefit
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| Parasitism | Relationship of species where one organism lives in or out of another and harms it
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| Commensalism | Relationship of species where one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed
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| Population Density | Number of individuals per unit area
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| Distribution | How individuals in a population are spaced out across the range of the population
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| Age Structure | Number of males and females of each age a population contains
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| Immigration | Population that grows when individuals move their range elsewhere
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| Emigration | Population that decreases when individuals move out of their range
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| Exponential Growth | The larger a population gets, the faster it grows
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| Logistic Growth | Population's growth slows then stops after a period of exponential growth
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| Carrying Capacity | Maximum number of species a place can support
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| Limiting Factor | A factor that controls the growth of a population
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| Destiny Dependent Limiting Factor | Operates on population density reaching a certain level
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| Density Independent Limiting Factor | Affects all populations in similar ways no matter how big the population
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| Competition | Animals compete for resources to breed and create offspring; density dependent limiting factor
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| Biodiversity | Total of all the genetically based variation in all organisms in the biosphere
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| Habitat Fragmentation | Development splitting ecosystems into pieces
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| Ecological Succession | A series of more-or-less predictable changes that occur in a community over time
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| Primary Succession | Succession that begin in an area with no remnants of an older community
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| Pioneer Species | The first species to colonize barren areas
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| Secondary Succession | Disturbance that changes a community without removing soil; proceeds faster than primary succession
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| Agriculture | Enables farmers to double world food production
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| Monoculture | Clearing large areas of land to plant a single highly productive crop year after year
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| Renewable Resource | Resources that can be produced or replaced by a healthy ecosystem
Example: wind
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| Nonrenewable Resource | Resources that cannot be replenished by natural processes within a reasonable amount of time
Example: coal, oil, natural gas
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| Sustainable Resource | Using resources in a way that does not cause long term environmental harm
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| Deforestation | Loss of forests
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| Dessertification | Turning farmland into desert with a combination of farming, overgrazing, seasonal drought, and climate change
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| Biological Magnification | Occurs if a pollutant such as DDT, mercury, or PCB is picked up by an organism and is not broken down or eliminated from its body
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| Acid Rain | Formed by burning fossil fuels releasing nitrogen and sulfur compounds which combine with water vapor in the air to create nitric and sulfuric acids
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| Greenhouse Gases | Burning fossil fuels and forests releasing stored carbon into the atmosphere
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| Ecological Footprint | Describes the total area of functioning land and water ecosystems needed to provide the resources an individual or population uses
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| Ecological Disturbance | Natural disaster such as a flood or tornado
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