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Unit 8: Ecology -- Chapters 50-54 Vocabulary

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Term
Definition
Ecology   Study of how organisms interact with their environment.  
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Population   A localized group of individuals that belong to the same biological species (that are capable of inter breeding & producing fertile offspring).  
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Community   All the organisms that inhabit a particular area; an assemblage of populations of different species living close enough together for potential interaction.  
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Ecosystem   All the organisms in a given area as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact; a community and its physical environment.  
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Abiotic   nonliving  
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Biotic   Pertaining to the living organisms in the environment.  
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Biosphere   The entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the planets ecosystems.  
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Carrying Capacity   The maximum population size than can be supported by the available resources, symbolized as K.  
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Species Richness   The number of species in a biological community.  
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Relative Abundance   Differences in the abundances of different species with a community.  
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Gross Primary Productivity (GPP)   The total primary production of an ecosystem.  
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Net Primary Productivity (NPP)   The gross primary production of an ecosystem minus the energy used by the producers for respiration.  
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Dominant Species   Those species in a community that have the highest abundance or highest biomass. These species exert a powerful control over the occurrence & distribution of other species.  
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Keystone Species   A species that is not necessarily abundant in a community yet exerts strong control on community structure by the nature of its ecological role or niche.  
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Eutrophication   A process by which nutrients particularly phosphorus & nitrogen, become highly concentrated in a body of water, leading to increased growth of organisms such as algae.  
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Invasive Species   A species that takes hold outside of its native range; usually introduced by humans.  
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Photosyntesis   The conversion of light energy to chemical energy that is stored in glucose or other organic compounds; occurs in plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes.  
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