HSO109 pt 9
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What are the anatomical divisions of the nervous system? | - The peripheral nervous system
- The central nervous system
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| What is the central nervous system comprised of? | - Brain
- Spinal cord
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| What is the peripheral nervous system? | - Afferent division (sensory)
- Efferent division (somatic motor & autonomic motor: sympathetic & parasympathetic)
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| What makes up a neuron? | - Cell membrane
- Dendrite
- Cell body (soma)
- Nucleus
- Axon
- Myelin sheath
- Synaptic terminals
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| What is the function of myelin sheath? | - Electrical insulation increases the speed at which electrical signals (action potentials) traveel along the axon
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| What is a transmembrane potential? | - Is the electrical potential of the cell's interior relative to its surroundings
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| What is the resting potential? | - Is the transmembrane potential of an undisturbed cell
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| What are action potentials? | - Are nerve impulses
- Are propagated changes in the transmembrane potential that, once initiated, affect an entire excitable membrane
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| Describe the all-or-none principle: | - A stimulus either triggers a typical action potential, or it does not produce one at all
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| What is the refractory period? | - From the time an action potential begins until the normal resting potential is stabilised, the membrane will not respond normally to additional depolarising stimuli
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| How does an action potential work? | 1. An action potential is generated in a small portion of the membrane
2. A local current depolarises the adjacent portion of the membrane
3. Same events take place over and over
4. Action potential is propagated through the entire excitable membrane
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| How does an action potential work? pt 2. | 5. An action potential only moves forward because previous segment is in refractory period
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| What affect the speed of action potentials? | - Myelin
- Axon diameter: large = fast, small = slower
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| What is the synapse comprised of? | - Telodendron
- Synaptic terminal
- Synaptic vesicles
- Synaptic cleft
- Neurotransmitters
- Ligand-gated channels (receptors w/ neurotransmitters)
- Post synaptic neuron
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| What is a chemical synapse? | - Involves a neurotransmitter
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| What is an electrical synapse? | - Direct physical contact between cells (gap junctions)
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