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Intro Comm - Chapter 2

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Term
Definition
culture   the totality of learned, shared symbols, language, values, and norms that distinguish one group of people from another  
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societies   groups of people who share common symbols, language, values, and norms  
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in-groups   groups of people with which a person identifies  
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out-groups   groups of people with which a person does not identify  
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ethnicity   people's perceptions of ancestry or heritage  
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nationality   one's status as citizen of a particular country  
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enculturation   the process of acquiring a culture  
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co-cultures   groups of people who share values, customs, and norms related to mutual interests or characteristics besides their national citizenship  
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individualistic culture   a culture in which people believe that their primary responsibility is to themselves  
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collectivistic culture   a culture in which people believe that their primary responsibility is to their families, their communities, and their employers  
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low-context culture   a culture in which people are expected to be direct and to say what they mean  
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high-context culture   a culture in which people are taught to speak in an indirect, in-explicit way  
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low-power-distance culture   a culture in which people believe that no one person or group should have excessive power  
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high-power-distance-culture   a culture in which certain groups, such as the royal family or the members of the ruling political party, have much greater power than the average citizen  
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masculine culture   a culture in which people cherish traditionally masculine value and prefer sex-specific roles for women and men  
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feminine culture   a culture in which people cherish traditionally feminine qualities and prefer little differentiation in the roles of women and men  
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monochronic culture   a culture that views time as a finite and tangible commodity  
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polychronic culture   a culture that views time as holistic, fluid, and infinite  
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uncertainty avoidance   the extent to which people try to avoid situations that are unstructured, unclear, or unpredictable  
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mindful   aware - as in being aware of how other cultures' behaviors and ways of thinking are likely to differ from one's own  
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ethnocentrism   the tendency to judge other cultures' practices as inferior to one's own  
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communication codes   verbal and nonverbal behaviors whose meanings are often understood only by people from the same culture  
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adapt   to change one's behavior to accommodate what others are doing  
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