Taxonomy
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| Order of evolution of 3 main domains | Bacteria, archaea, eukarya
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| Bacteria | -lack a nucleus
-circular DNA genome
-Include cyanobacteria w/ chlorophyll & can photosynthesize
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| Archaea | Live in harsh environments (called extremophiles for this reason)
-extreme halophiles: extreme salty environment
-extreme thermophiles: live in extreme heat
-methanogens: anaerobes that release methane
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| Protists (Eukarya) 7 main | amoebas, sporozoans, ciliates, slime molds, euglena, diatoms, brown algae
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| amoebas | -unicellular
-move using pseudopodia
-found in soil, freshwater, and marine environments
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| sporozoans | -animal parasities
-life cycles w/ sexual and asexual parts
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| ciliates | -move w/ cilia
-EX: paramecium
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| slime molds | -many nuclei
-overgrown amoeba
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| euglena | -unicellular algae
-move w/ flagellum
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| diatoms | -live in freshwater and marines (producers)
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| brown algae | -multicellular, large seaweeds living in marines
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| Kingdom Plantae sub-categories | -Nonvascular plants
-ferns (vascular seedless)
-conifers (vascular seed nonflowering)
-angiosperms (vascular seed flowering)
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| nonvascular plants | -live in damp areas
EX: moss, liverworts, hornworts
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| ferns (vascular seedless) | -have spores instead of seeds (can be scattered)
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| conifers (vascular seed nonflowering) | -gymnosperms
-no flower production
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| flowering plants (angiosperms) | -MONOCOTS: single seed leaves, 3 part flower, parallel veins in leaves
-DICOTS: 2 seed leaves, 4 or 5 part flower
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| Kingdom Fungi | -eukaryotic heterotrophs
-multicellular
-cell wall w/ chitin
-lack chloroplasts
-heterotrphs
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| Divisions of fungi | Zygomycota and Basidiomycota
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| Zygomycota | -sexual reproduction
-includes mycorrhizae: mutualistic associations between plant roots and fungi
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| Basidiomycota (CLUB FUNGI) | 25,000 organisms
-mushrooms, shelf fungi, puffballs
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| 8 phylums in kingdom animalia | sponges, coelenterates, flatworms, mollusks, segmented worms, arthropods, echinoderms, chordata
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| Sponges | -sessile: nonmoving
-traps water
-marina environment
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| coelenterates | -central, sac like digestive system
-radial symmetry
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| flatworms | -bilateral symmetry
-can be parasitic or nonparasitic
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| mollusks | -soft body. hard shell
-have a foot, organ space (visceral mass), mantle (w/ shell)
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| segmented worms | -closed circulation
-excretes waste through metanephridia
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| arthropods | -eliminate waste through malpighian tubules
-largest and most diverse
EX: crustaceans, insects, spiders
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| echinoderms | -radial symmetry
-exoskeletons
-vascular system (water)
EX: sea stars, sea urchins, and sand dollars
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| chordata | fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals (FARBM)
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| fish | -cartilage, sometimes bone, structures
-breathe through gills
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| amphibians | -land and water
-metamorphosis
-breathe through lungs or skin
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| reptiles | -thick, scaly skin
-shells to resist dehydration
-cold blooded
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| birds | -tetrapods w/ wings
-lay shelled eggs
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| mammals | endothermic
-have hair
-breathe through lungs
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