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Mr Camp - Topic 3

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Term
Definition
asexual reproduction   involves one parent, offspring is a CLONE of the parent, NO GENETIC VARIATION therefore decreases the chances of survival of the individual and the species  
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bond   chemical link that holds molecules together, when broken, energy is released, when formed, energy is stored  
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chromosome   threadlike structure that contains DNA, found in the nucleus  
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clone   organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced  
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DNA   material found in all organisms, contains genetic information about the organism, provides instructions for the building of proteins  
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egg   gamete (sex cell) of a female, produced in the ovaries, involved in sexual reproduction, contains half the complete set of genetic information, haploid (monoploid) (n)  
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expressed   when a gene is "turned on" the trait is seen  
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genes   segment of DNA, contains instructions for a specific trait  
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genetic engineering   when gene(s) is(are) inserted into the complete set of DNA of another organism EX: Human gene for insulin/growth hormone and bacterial DNA  
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genetics recombination   formation of a new combination of genes during sexual reproduction  
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heredity   passing of traits from parent to offspring  
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mutation   an alteration to the DNA sequence. May have a positive, negative or no effect on the organism  
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replicate   to copy  
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selective breeding   process of choosing organisms with desirable traits to serve as the parents of the next generation. EX: dog breeding and race horses  
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sexual reprodcution   two parents are involved, offspring has genetic variation, increases chances of survival of the individual and the species  
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sperm   gamete (sex cells) of a male, produced in the testes, involved in sexual reproduction, motile, carries half of the complete set of DNA, monoploid (haploid) (n)  
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nucleotide   section of DNA that contains a sugar, phosphate and nitrogeneous base  
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template   pattern for a new molecule. EX: one strand of DNA during DNA replication  
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trait   characteristic that is passed from parent to offspring through genes  
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