photosynthesis and cellular respiration exam review
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| what is photosynthesis? | process where plants and other photosynthetic organisms use the sun's energy and convert it into chemical energy
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| which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis? | chloroplast
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| what is cellular respiration? | when organisms use energy and oxygen to break down food into ATP
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| which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration? | mitochondria
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| what is chlorophyll? | a pigment within a plant that captures energy from sunlight
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| why do things appear a certain color? | objects absorb some colors but reflect others. The color that is REFLECTED is what is seen.
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| what is the formula (unbalanced) for photosynthesis? | carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen
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| what is the formula (unbalanced) for cellular respiration? | glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water
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| where do plants get the carbon dioxide they need to do photosynthesis? | it is emitted from organisms doing cellular respiration or from human's burning fossil fuels
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| where does the oxygen come from in the photosynthesis equation? | water is split and its electrons are donated to the electron transport chain. When this happens oxygen is released.
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| where does the glucose come from in the photosynthesis equation? | it is made during the calvin cycle
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| what is the calvin cycle? | the part of photosynthesis that occurs in the thylakoid membrane (part of the chloroplast) that converts light energy into chemical energy (glucose)
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| what is chemiosmosis? | when a gradient of hydrogen ions (protons) allows those protons to fall through the ATP synthtase pump which provides the pump with energy to make ATP.
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| how is ATP made? | when a phosphate group is added to ADP by the ATP synthetase pump
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| what are the stages of photosynthesis? | the light reaction, electron transport chain, and the calvin cycle
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| what are the stages of cellular respiration? | glycolysis, electron transport chain and krebs cycle
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| what products are made during the light cycle of photosynthesis? | ATP and NADPH (an electron carrier)
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| what is the ATP made during the light cycle of photosynthesis used for? | it is used in the calvin cycle to create carbohydrates (glucose)
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| what is another term used to describe the electron transport chain and the krebs cycle? | aerobic respiration (because they require oxygen)
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| what is the name of the process that occurs when there is no oxygen present but organic compounds are still being broken down? | fermentation
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| what is a byproduct of fermentation within humans? | lactic acid
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| where is most of the ATP made during cellular respiration? | the electron transport chain
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| what is an autotroph? | an organism that does photosynthesis or chemosynthesis (makes it own food)
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| what is a heterotroph? | a consumer
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| what is glycolysis? | the first step of cellular respiration which involves glucose being split into smaller molecules
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| why do plants have both chloroplasts and mitochondria? | so that they can do photosynthesis and create glucose and then break that glucose down into ATP. That ATP will then be used for the plant to grow.
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