Majors animal: Lab practical two questions
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| What type of respiratory system does a horseshoe crab have? | Book gills with operculum
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| What is the function of the telson in a horseshoe crab? | Digging and a lever if upside down
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| What is the function of the simple eye and gill operculum in a horseshoe crab? | Light sensitivity and outlines; covers book gills, covers genital pores
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| The respiratory pigment used for oxygen transport in horseshoe crabs is called _______. | Hemocyanins
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| What is the function of the anus in a horseshoe crab? | Egestion of undigested food
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| In order to grow, horseshoe crabs have to do what? | Molt (ecdysis)
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| What phylum do horseshoe crabs belong to? | Arthropoda
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| Which subphylum do horseshoe crabs belong to? a) Trilobita b) Chelicerata c) Crustacea d) Uniramia e) Hexapoda | B) Chelicerata
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| Which class do horseshoe crabs belong to? a) Maxillopoda b) Malacostraca c) Symphyla d) Merostomata e) Monoplacophora | D) Merostomata
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| What type of circulatory system do earthworms have? | Closed circulatory system
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| What is the physiology of the crop in an earthworm? | Temporary food storage
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| What is the physiology of the seminal vesicles in an earthworm? | Store maturing sperm
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| What is the physiology of the gizzard in an earthworm? | Grinds soil, separates usable and unusable material
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| What is the function of the pharynx in an earthworm? | Pumps in soil
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| What is the physiology of the dorsal blood vessel in an earthworm? | Returns blood to aortic arches
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| Are earthworms dioecious or monoecious? | Monoecious
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| What evolutionary advancement do earthworms have that no other phyla up to this point have had? | Segmentation
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| What phylum do earthworms belong to? | Annelida
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| What class do earthworms belong to? a) Scaphopoda b) Cephalopoda c) Hirudinea d) Polychaeta e) Oligochaeta | E) Oligochaeta
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| What phylum do stone crabs, barnacles, copepods, ostracods, fairy shrimp, and water fleas belong to? | Arthropoda
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| What is the physiology of the ink sac in a squid? | Secretes black fluid when alarmed for escape
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| What is the physiology of the radula in a squid? | Used to ram small food pieces into esophagus
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| What phylum do squid belong to? | Mollusca
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| What class do squid belong to? a) Diplopoda b) Cephalopoda c) Polyplacophora d) Gastropoda e) Pauropoda | B) Cephalopoda
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| What is the pen in a squid made of? What vestigial structure does it represent for them? | Chitin; shell
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| The arms of males are longer and thicker than those of females, and in the mature male the left fourth arm becomes slightly modified for the transfer of spermatophores to the female. This transition is called_________. | Copulation
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| What type of circulatory system does the squid have? What type do most Molluscs have? | Closed system; open system
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| List three evolutionarily advanced features of the squid not seen up to this phylum. | Complex eyes, centralized brain, chromatophores
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| Squid and octopi can change colors quickly. How? | Chromatophores
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| What evolutionary advantage does changing colors quickly give squid and octopi? | Camouflage
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| What is the function of the antennule in a crayfish? | Chemosensory, tactile, equilibrium reception
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| What subclass do crayfish belong to? a) Amphibia b) Copepoda c) Cirripedia d) Decapoda e) Isopoda f) Ostracoda | D) Decapoda
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| Crayfish have two-branched appendages which is more specifically called _________. This is a good example of _________ homology. | Biramous; serial homology
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| Four pairs of walking legs of the crayfish have no exopod, therefore they are called _________. (single branched?) | Swimmerets
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| The part of the appendage attached to the body is called the _______. The medial branch is the ________ and the lateral branch is the exopod. | Protopod; endopod
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| To which class does the crayfish belong? a) Maxillopoda b) Malacostraca c) Merostomata d) Mammalia e) Arachnida f) Insecta | B) Malocostraca
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| The heart of a crayfish is located dorsally or ventrally? | Dorsally
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| When you eat a crayfish do you eat the head, thorax, or abdomen? | Abdomen
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| What is the name of the muscle you eat in crustaceans such as crayfish or lobsters? | Abdominal flexor
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| What phylum do trilobites belong to? | Arthropoda
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| What subphylum do trilobites belong to? | Trilobita
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| Where in the biosphere would I start looking to find a living trilobite? | You can't, they are extinct
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| What is the physiology of the gastric mill in crayfish? Where is it located? | Grind food particles; anterior part of stomach
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| What organ system is the antennal gland (green gland) a part of in crayfish? | Excretory system
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| What is a setae in a earthworm? | Hairlike/bristlelike structure
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| What is the physiology of a setae in an earthworm? | Anchoring/control during movement
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| What is peristalsis? | Involuntary contraction of intestinal muscles
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| What is the advantage of having both circular and longitudinal muscles? | Better locomotion
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| What class do centipedes belong to and what led you to your answer? a) Pauropoda b) Maxillopoda c) Arachnida d) Chilopoda e) Diplopoda f) Insecta | D) Chilopoda; one pair of legs per segment
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| What class do millipedes belong to and what led you to your answer? a) Pauropoda b) Maxillopoda c) Arachnida d) Chilopoda e) Diplopoda f) Insecta | E) Diplopoda; two pairs of legs per segment
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| Are garden centipedes dangerous? | Yes, they have dangerous venom claws behind their heads
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| What class do garden centipedes belong to? a) Chilopoda b) Diplopoda c) Symphyla d) Pauropoda e) Insecta | C) Smyphyla
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| What is the physiology of the tympanum on a grasshopper? What is the unique excretory system of grasshoppers called? | Receives sound waves; Malpighian tubules
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| What is the physiology of the ovipositor in a grasshopper? | Penetrates soil to make room for egg deposition
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| What phylum does the grasshopper belong to? | Arthropoda
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| What class does the grasshopper belong to? | Insecta
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| What is the physiology of the hinge ligament in bivalves? | Open/close shell
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| What is the physiology of the anterior and posterior adductor muscle in bivalves? | Close shell and holds valves tightly together
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| What is the physiology of the foot protractor muscle in bivalves? | Foot movement
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| The oldest and thickest part of the bivalve shell is closest to the _________. | Umbo
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| What are bivalve shells made of? | Calcium carbonate
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| Which structure/organ synthesizes the clam shell? | Mantle
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| What type of feeder is the clam? | Filter feeder
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| Why do some marine clams have siphons? | Incurrent/excurrent of water over gills to aid in respiration
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| What type of circulatory system does the clam have? | Open circulatory system
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| What class does the clam belong to? | Bivalvia
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| In the hive of the honeybee, there are three castes called _______, ________, and ________. | Queen; workers; drones
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| Which honeybee cast is the male? Are they haploid or diploid? | Drones; haploid
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| What is the physiology of the shell of gastropods? | Protection, structure
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| What is the physiology of the mantle of gastropods? | Secretes shell
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| What is the physiology of the gastropods' seminal receptacle (spermatheca)? Is this considered the male or female part of the animal? | Receive sperm; female
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| The spiral turn of the shell of gastropods is either right or left. If it is a right-handed spiral it is called ______. If it is a left-handed spiral it is called ______. | Dextral; sinistral
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| What phylum do sea lilies belong to? | Echinodermata
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| What class do sea lilies belong to? | Crinoidea
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| What is the function of the water vascular system (hydrostatic endoskeleton) in sea stars? | Structure/locomotion
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| What is the function of the madreporite plate in sea stars? | Pressure regulator and simple filter
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| What is the physiology of the pedicellariae in sea stars? | Kills small organisms on body surfaces
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| What type of nervous system do sea star have? | Simple
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| Is the sea star anus on the oral or aboral surface? | Aboral
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| What organ can the sea cucumber regurgitate, then readily regenerate, when agitated? | Stomach
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| When a queen honeybee produces haploid cast members, this is an example of _________. | Parthenogenesis
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| What is unique about the queen honeybee's stinger? | Unlimited stinging potential
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| What honeybee cast member will not be allowed to go through the winter with the hive? | Drones
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| The two dances that honeybees do to determine direction and distance to forage for nectar and pollen are called the __________ and __________ dances. | Waggle; round
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| In order for a queen honeybee to be produced, the larvae must be fed a special substance called ________. | Royal jelly
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| The queen honeybees store semen in an organ called the _________. | Spermatheca
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| If the queen does not get bred, the fate of the hive is death because the hive will become all _________ cast members. | Drone
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| What anatomy allows the grasshopper to respire even though its head is underwater? | Spiracles
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| The three larval forms in Phylum Mollusca are _______, ________, and ________. | Trophophore; veliger; spat
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| What phylum do tooth/tusk shells belong to? | Mollusca
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| What class do tooth/tusk shells belong to? a) Monoplacophora b) Scaphopoda c) Bivalvia d) Aplacophora e) Branchiopoda | B) Scaphopoda
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| What phylum do Monoplacephorans belong to? | Mollusca
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| What class do Monoplacephorans belong to? a) Gastropoda b) Bivalvia c) Merostomata d) Monoplacophora e) Cephalopoda | D) Monoplacophora
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| What phylum do nautili belong to? | Mollusca
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| What class do nautili belong to? | Cephalopoda
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| What phylum do feather stars belong to? | Echinodermata
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| What class do feather stars belong to? | Crinozoa
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