Anatomy and Exams
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| Bag or sac | cysto
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| Bile ducts | cholangio
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| biliary stenosis | narrowing of bile ducts
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| cholecystitis | acut or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder
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| Cholelithiasis | presence of gallstones
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| Cholangiogram | radiographic exam of the biliary ducts
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| Choledocholithiasis | calculus in the common bile duct
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| Radiographic examination of the gallbladder | cholecystogram
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| PTC | percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography; direct puncture of biliary ducts
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| Choledochus | common bile duct
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| T-tube cholangiography | conrast administered via catheter tube left after cholecystectomy
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| OCG | oral cystography; gallbladder demonstrated after administration of oral contrast
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| Contrast introduced into hepatopancreatic ampulla via cannula inserted through endoscope. | ERCP -endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
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| Why is it important not to introduce air bubbles with the contrast media? | They can be mistaken as radiolucent stones
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| Bile is produced by the _____. | liver
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| Bile draines from the liver via the _____. | Right and left hepatic ducts
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| The common hepatic duct and the cystic duct form the ________. | common bile duct
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| Where is the gallbladder located? | In an imression on the undersurface of the liver.
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| List three indications for biliary tract examinations. | jaundice, stones, stenosis
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| What is the most common radiographic diagnostic procedure used to study the gallbladder? | oral cholesytogram
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| The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct join and enter which portion of the small bowel? | descending duodenum
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| What is the most common pathological reason for performing an oral cholecystogram? | cholelithiasis
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| A patient that has had their gallbladder removed is known as _____. | cholecystectomized patient
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| These two projections would demonstrate stratification of stones? | right lateral decubitus and upright projection
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| The pancreatic and common bile duct terminate at the ____. | ampulla of vater
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| Which duct connects the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct? | cystic duct
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| Through what must the endoscopist pass the cannula from the duodenum into the common bile duct? | hepaopancreatic sphincter
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| What substance activates the muscular contraction of the gallbladder? | cholecystokinin
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| Cholecystogram | radiographic study of the gallbladder
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| Radographic exam of the gallbladder and biliary ducts. | cholecystangiography
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| What is the largest gland in the body? | liver
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| What divides the liver into two major lobes? | falciform ligament
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| What are the two minor lobes of the liver? | caudate and quadrate lobes
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| What are the two blood supplies to the liver? | hepatic artery and portal vein
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| What is the primary function of the liver? | production of bile
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| What is the flow of bile through the gallbladder to the descending duodenum? | Right and left hepatic ducts from liver joint to form the common hepatic duct ->joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct ->joins the pancreatic duct -> into the descending duodenum via ampulla of vater which is controlled by sphincter of oddi
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| What is the function of the gallbladder? | stores bile and emulsifies fat
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| This procedure examines the concentration and emptying power of te gallbladder. | Oral cholecystography
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| What radiographic position will differentiate between the kidney and gallstones in an oral cholecystography? | right lateral
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| Procedure done with a special chiba needle, right side of patient is draped and patient is supine, water soluble iodinated contrast is injected directly under fluoro ito ducts. | Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)
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| Postoperative (T Tube) cholangiography | performed via a t shaped tube left in the common hepatic and common bile ducts for postoperative drainage
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