SLS Bio 12 Reproduction SM
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| Acrosome | an organelle that develops over the anterior half of the head in the spermatozoa, contains enzymes for entering an egg
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| Anterior Pitutary | Release FSH and LH when the hypothalamus tells it to
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| Cervix | the narrow necklike passage forming the lower end of the uterus.
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| Clitoris | a small sensitive and erectile part of the female genitals at the anterior end of the vulva.
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| Corpus Luteum | a hormone-secreting structure that develops in an ovary after an ovum has been discharged but degenerates after a few days unless pregnancy has begun.
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| Cowper's Glands | discharges a component of seminal fluid into the urethra
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| Ductus (vas) deferens | the duct that conveys sperm from the testicle to the urethra.
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| Endometrium | the mucous membrane lining the uterus, which thickens during the menstrual cycle in preparation for possible implantation of an embryo.
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| Epididymis | Where the sperm matures
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| Estrogen | any of a group of steroid hormones that promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics of the body
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| Follicles | a small sac or vesicle that has an excretory, secretory, or protective function
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| FSH | starts the production of sperm
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| Follicular Phase | the lining of the uterus is at its most thin. Levels of estrogen and progesterone are at their lowest.Later in the follicular phase, proliferation of the uterine lining occurs. This thickened lining is preparing for a possible
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| Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) | Either FSH or LH
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| Head | Contains the chromosomes in the sperm
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| Homeostatic Regulation | the property of a system in which variables are regulated so that internal conditions remain stable and relatively constant.
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| Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) | a hormone produced in the human placenta that maintains the corpus luteum during pregnancy.
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| Hypothalamus | Maintains homeostasis by secreting LH or FSH to promote sperm or testosterone production
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| Implantation | the adherence of a fertilized egg to a surface in the reproductive tract, usually to the uterine wall so that the egg may have a suitable environment for growth and development into a new offspring
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| Interstitial Cells | Where testosterone is produced
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| Luteal Phase | the second half of the menstrual cycle, when fertilization and implantation may occur. This phase starts straight after ovulation and ends when the period begins.
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| LH | Lutenizing hormone, promotes the production of testosterone in the interstitial cells
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| Menstruation | discharging blood and other materials from the lining of the uterus at intervals of about one lunar month from puberty until menopause
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| Midpiece | packed with mitochondria for locomotion
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| Ovarian Cycle | he normal sex cycle that includes development of an ovarian follicle, rupture of the follicle with discharge of the ovum, and formation and regression of a corpus luteum.
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| Ovaries | a female reproductive organ in which ova or eggs are produced
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| Oviducts (Fallopian Tubes) | the tube through which an ovum or egg passes from an ovary.
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| Ovulation | he female menstrual cycle whereby a mature ovarian follicle discharges an egg
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| Oxytocin | a hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labor and stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the breasts.
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| Penis | carrying the duct for the transfer of sperm during ejaculaton
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| Positive Feedback mechanism | the output enhances the original stimulus, like child birth and the release of oxytocin
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| Progesterone | a steroid hormone released by the corpus luteum that stimulates the uterus to prepare for pregnancy.
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| Proliferative phase | the phase of the menstrual cycle after menstruation. Under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormone from the pituitary, the ovary produces increasing amounts of estrogen, causing the lining of the uterus to become dense and richly vascular.
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| Prostate gland | a gland surrounding the neck of the bladder in males and releasing prostatic fluid.
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| scrotum | a pouch of skin containing the testicles.
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| secretory phase | the second half of the menstrual cycle after ovulation; the corpus luteum secretes progesterone which prepares the endometrium for the implantation of an embryo; if fertilization does not occur then menstrual flow begins
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| seminal fluid | the part of the semen that is produced by various accessory glands, such as the prostate gland and seminal vesicles
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| seminal vesciles | each of a pair of glands that open into the vas deferens near its junction with the urethra and secrete many of the components of semen.
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| seminiferous tubules | where sperm production begins
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| sperm | the mature motile male sex cell, by which the ovum is fertilized, typically having a compact head and one or more long flagella for swimming.
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| tail (flagellum) | provides locomotion for the sperm
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| testes | an organ that produces spermatozoa
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| Testosterone | a steroid hormone that stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics, produced mainly in the testes, but also in the ovaries and adrenal cortex.
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| urethra | Carries semen to the outside of the body
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| urethral opening | It is the hole at which urine in males and in females comes out of the urethra, and also where semen in males comes out the urethra.
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| uterine cycle | describes changes in the endometrial lining of the uterus.
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| uterus | the organ in the lower body of a woman or female mammal where offspring are conceived and in which they gestate before birth; the womb.
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| Vagina | the muscular tube leading from the external genitals to the cervix of the uterus in women
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