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Cardiovascular I slides for Medical Pharmacology Final

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Question
Answer
Caused by the presence of a septal defectal on the ventricles.   Fallot Tetralogy  
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Cardiac Muscle Contraction: Phase characterized by the fast influx of Sodium.   Phase 0: Upstroke  
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What happens Phase 1 (partial repolarization) of Cardiac Muscle Contraction?   Inactivation of Sodium channels and rapid opening of Potassium channels.  
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Why cardiac potential does not change quickly during Plateau phase (Phase 2)?   Due slow Calcium influx and slow outward leak of Potassium.  
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Why the action potential decrease rapidly in Phase 3 Repolarization?   Because of Calcium channels are blocked and Potassium channels are opened.  
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Which hormone is released by the Kidney when blood pressure is low?   Renin  
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What would be a symptom of right heart failure?   Peripheral edema  
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Which enzyme is blocked that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II to lower blood pressure?   ACE  
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What does aldosterone do, would you want an agonist or antagonist?   Promotes salt and water retention, antagonist  
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Which type of beta blockers are more effective and why?   Beta 1, more specific for cardiovascular  
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Why would someone get a calcium channel blocker?   Slow conduction of AV node  
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What is the role of Renin?   Converts Angiotensinogen into Angiotensin I  
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Which hormone participates in the convertion of Angiotensinogen into Angiotensin I?   Renin  
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What is the role of Aldosterone in the body?   Water and salt retention -> increase bloody pressure.  
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Renin release can also be stimulated by which receptor agonist?   Beta receptor agonists  
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What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors?   Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, Angiodema and Dry cough.  
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Which receptor-blockers can decrease heart rate?   Beta blockers  
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What class of drug scan facilitate Calcium inward on the heart? What is it consequence?   Ionotropic drugs. Promote contractility, but can cause arrhythmia  
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What is the general order for Heart Failure Therapy?   Diuretics → ACE inhibtors → Beta-blockers → Digoxin  
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Digoxin is a ___________ drug (class of drug), that increase contractility of heart through _______ influx.   Digoxin is a IONOTROPIC drug (class of drug), that increase contractility of heart through CALCIUM influx  
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