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Chapter 17 Vocab

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Term
Definition
Binomial Nomenclature   The system of nomenclature in which two terms are used to denote a species of living organism, the first one indicating the genus and the second the specific epithet.  
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Class   A group or set (of things or entities) with common characteristics, attributes, qualities or traits.  
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Classification   The systematic grouping of living things based on characteristics, hierarchical, or phylogenetic relationships  
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Division   A rank that if treated as a division of a genus or subgenus is deemed to be of subgeneric rank for the purposes of nomenclature.  
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Family   A collection of things or entities grouped by their common attributes, e.g. protein family, gene family, etc.  
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Genus   A taxonomic category ranking used in biological classification that is below a family and above a species level, and includes groups) of species that are structurally similar or phylogenetically related.  
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Kingdom   A taxonomic rank that is composed of smaller groups called phyla.  
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Order   A taxonomic rank used in classifying organisms, generally below the class, and comprised of families sharing a set of similar nature or character  
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Phylum   Taxonomic group related classes.  
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Taxon   Named group of organisms, such as phylum.  
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Taxonomy   Branch of biology that identifies, names, and classifies species based on their natural relationships.  
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Character   Inherited morphological or biochemical feature that varies among species and can be used to determine patterns of desent.  
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Cladistics   Taxonomic method that models evolutionary relationships based on shared derived characters and phylogenetic trees.  
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Cladogram   Diagram with branches that represents the hypothesized phylogeny or evolution of a species or group.  
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Molecular clock   Model that uses comparisons of DNA sequences to estimate phylogeny and rate of evolutionary bonds.  
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Phylogeny   The evolutionary history of a taxonomic group of organisms.  
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Archaea   One in the three-domain system which includes halophilic , methanogens and thermophiles.  
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Fungus   a general term used to denote a group of eukaryotic protists  
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Protist   Any of a group of eukaryotic organisms belonging to the Kingdom Protista.  
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