Ch. 10 Institutional Corrections
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| *These were the closest European forerunners to the US prisons | Workhouses where offenders were sent to learn discipline and regular work habits.
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| Penology | The study of prison management and inmate treatment
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| Panopticon | A prison design with a round building facing an inner circumference with a centrally located inspection tower.
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| The Pennsylvania System | A penology system wherein inmates were kept in solitary cells so they could study religious writings, reflect on their actions, and perform handicraft.
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| This is considered the nations first state prison | The Walnut Street jail in Philadelphia (1790)
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| The Auburn System | Inmates worked and ate together in silence during the day but were housed in separate cells during the night
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| * The Reformatory Movement? When started and who designed for? | Designed for less hardened and younger offenders between 16 and 30. Emphasized work, academic and vocational training. Sentences were indeterminate and could be reduced for favorable progress.
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| The first women's prison based on the Reformatory model opened in which state? | Indiana in 1873
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| This type of institution popular in the 1940s is smaller than the Big Houses they came to replace. John Irwin referred to them as the... | Correctional Institutions
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| This model of correctional institution gained popularity in the 1940s and 50s because crime was viewed as a symptom of personal illness. | The Medical Model
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| What lead to the loss of popularity of the Correctional Institutions? | The fairness and effectiveness of the coerced treatments and the overall system began to be challenged
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| Per Irwin, what gave rise to the Contemporary Violent prison system? | The vacuum created when the treatment programs and control methods of the correctional period were eliminated. Plus the repressive control measure became illegal. This vacuum was filled by interracial hatred and gang violence.
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| Privatization | The private sector becoming involved in the construction and operation of prisons.
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| How is the Incarceration Rate calculated? | Number of incarcerated divided by the population of that area and that number multiplied by 100,000
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| The United States has ___ % of the world population but almost ___% of the worlds prisoners. | 5%, 25%
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| What was the cause of the explosion of prison population over the past three decades? | The War on Drugs.
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| Describe the typical prisoner based on numbers in the state prison system | Male, Black, not completed High School or a GED, under 35 never married, were employed prior to arrest.
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| While Blacks make up __% of the US population, they account for ___% of the state prison population. | 13%, 43%
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| Classification Facility | Like a stopover place. Facility where prisoners are sent to determine their security risks and unique needs prior to being sent to the more permanent institution.
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| Institutional Security level | System based on the degree of external and internal security measures and the measures taken to preserve said security (Maximum, Medium or Minimum)
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| This type of prison security level is based on fact that cellblocks are in a dormitory style with barracks type living quarters, few cells, and no wall for external security. | Medium
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| This type of prison houses both male and female inmates | Cocorrectional Facilities
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| Administrative Segregation | Isolation of an inmate that may pose a harm to others
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| Protective Custody | Isolation of an inmate so others cannot inflict harm on them
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| True or False. Male inmates have higher rates of mental health problems than female inmates. | False. Women have much higher rates in the federal (73% vs 55%), state (3 6% vs 44%), and local facilities (75% vs 63%).
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| Milieu Therapy | Therapy that encompasses the entire living arrangement to produce an atmosphere of positive behavioral change.
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| Crisis Intervention | Counselors efforts to address some crisis in an inmates life (Suicidal thoughts, spousal rejection, mental disconnect or inmate conflict).
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| What is the concept of the "Less Eligibility Principal"? | View that prisoners should have no service or program superior to the services or programs available to the free citizens without charge.
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| Prior to using prisons as a way to punish, how were they used in Europe in the 1600s and 1700s (6 ways are listed) | 1. To detain before trial, 2. to hold in anticipation of punishment like death or corporal punishment, 3. to coerce payment, 4. to hold slaves, 5. Religious indoctrination, 6. Quarantine
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| Before the use of confinement, how were offenders punished? | Confiscation of property or corporal punishment or execution.
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| Why did confinement become the preferred method of deterring criminal behavior? | The Enlightenment era thinkers viewed confinement as more humane way of deterring and reforming prisoners. For example, workhouses were established to learn a craft and reflect on bad deeds.
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| For what reasons are most prisoners serving time in the Federal, State, and local facilities? | Federal (Drug Offenses), State (Violent Crime), Local (Awaiting trial or case disposition)
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| What are some procedures institutions use to maintain security and order? 6 given. Name 4. | Random searches, Inmate counts, Communication Restrictions, Snitches, Threat of loss of good time, and Privilege Restriction or Solitary confinement for those that misbehave.
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| What are some services commonly available to inmates | Basic needs (food, clothing, shelter), Health Care, Legal Services, Religious Services, Educational and Vocational Training, Group and Individual Counseling, and Recreation.
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| * In prison terms, what is meant by Big House | A walled 3 tiered prison with large cell blocks. Each with 1 or 2 man cells. On average contained 2500 men
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| * What state still allows chain gangs | Arizona
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| * How many people do we have incarcerated in the US? | At year end 2009, 1,613,740 inmates (1,405,622 state and 208,188 federal).
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| *True or False, Incarceration rates for females has risen higher than rates for males. | True
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| *How are prisons for women different than those for men | They house fewer inmates and are smaller. They usually have the dorm style arrangement.
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| CH12 *Name some confinement alternatives to traditional incarceration | House arrest, Halfway houses, Electronic Monitoring, Temporary Release
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