Random Pharm Words and definitions
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| Withdrawal Symptoms | anxiety
aggression
tremors
seizures
palpitations
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| Controlled Substances; Schedule IV | Medical use; some abuse potential; Rx needed; Rx expires
Ex. phenobarbitual
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| Pregnancy Category C | Adverse effects reported in animals; not available for humans
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| Pregnancy Category B | Studies indicate no risk to animals; not available for humans.
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| Pregnancy Category X | Fetal abnormalities reported. NOT to be used
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| Pregnancy Category A | Studies indicate no risk to human fetus
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| Pregnancy Category D | possible fetus risk in humans reported. However, in selected cases consideration of benefit vs risk may warrant use
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| Controlled Substances; Schedule I | no medical use; high abuse potential
street drugs
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| Controlled Substances; Schedule V | OTC; Minimal abuse
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| Controlled Substances; Schedule III | Medical Use; lower potential for abuse; Rx needed; Rx expires
Ex. codeine with other meds
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| Controlled Substances; Schedule II | Medical use, high abuse potential. Rx needed (no refills)
Ex. Codeine, morphine
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| Antagonist Effect | 2 drugs given together work worse than when given separately
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| Synergist Effect | 2 drugs given together work better than when given alone
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| Additive Effect | 2 drugs given together work equivalently as when give alone
*2 drugs that work the same way are given together
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| Generic Name | lower case; longer; more difficult to say
Ex. acetominophen
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| Trade Name | Upper case; shorter; easier to say
Ex. Tylenol
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| Drug Rights | 1. right patient
2. right time
3. right dose
4. right drug
5. right route
6. right documentation
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| First-Pass Effect | oral and rectal only
reduces bioavailability to lesser than 100%
*must pass through the liver before entering the blood
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| Histamine | chemical released from cells
results in:
bronchoconstriction
cough
edema
mucous
pain
pruritis
flushing
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| Adjuncts to anesthetics | benzo and barbs
sedative-hypnotics
anticholenergics
opioids
antiememtics
neuromuscular blockers
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| Dyslipidemia | High level of lipids
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| Normal total cholesterol level | <200 mg/dl
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| Normal LDL level | <100 mg/dl
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| Normal HDL level | >60 mg/dl
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| Normal Triglycerides level | <150 mg/dl
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| Combination Diuretics= | K sparing + hydrochlorthiazide
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| Heart Failure Symptoms | dyspnea
fatigue
edema; peripheral and pulmonary
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| Heart Block | very, very slow HR: conduction not getting through
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| Digoxin Toxicity | N/V/D
HA
confusion
bradycardia
PVC
Visual disturbances: green/yellow halo around bright objects
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| CHF treatment | Traditional:
Dig.
Diuretics
New:
ACE
ARBs
Beta Blockers
Diuretics
Inotropes
Vasodilators
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| How long does it take for a Parkinson's drug to show effects? | weeks to months
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| Mydriasis | pupil dilation
anticholinergic S/E
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| Miosis | pupil constriction
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| What decreases absorption of Levodopa? | Vitamin B6, Protein, iron
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| Parkinson's Disease | brain disorder
low dopamine, high AcH
Bradykinesia
postural inability
resting tremors
pin rolling
muscle rigidity
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| Malignant Hyperthermia | Neuromuscular Blocker S/E
high fever
muscle rigidity
tachycardia
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| Parasympathetic Responses | Mostly GI/GU
Lower HR
increase GI enzymes and secretions and motility
bronchoconstriction
constrict pupils
contract muscles
increase bleeding
decrease edema
relax vascular smooth muscle
*NO effect on BP, BS, mental activity or strength
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| Cardioprotective | beta blocker action
protects heart from epinephrine and NE that are released after MI
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| Infiltration | IV goes into tissues instead of vein
leads to necrosis
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| Sympathetic Responses | ↑BP and CO
↑Blood Flow
↑Metabolism
↑Glycogen breakdown
↑BS
↑Mental ability
↑strength
↑coagulation
↑RR
↑Sweating
pupil dialation
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| Cholinergic Crisis | decrease BP/HR; circulatory collapse
Cholinergic meds may cause
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| Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) | Cholinergic
feed or breed
rest and digest
ACh
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| Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) | Adernergic
Fight or Flight
NE
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| Hypertension Symptoms | HA
N/V
Visual disturbances
Disorientation
Altered LOC (decreased)
Flushed
**silent killer--most people have no symptoms
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| First Dose Phenomenon | BP plummets
alpha blockers
give at night to prevent
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| How long does it take for antidepressants to work? | two-four weeks
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| Parkinsonism | Prolonged antipsychotic drug use
Parkinson effects
flat affect
slow moving
pin rolling
hunched over
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| Hypertensive Crisis | stroke
due to MAOIs reacting with other meds
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| Dystonia | odd mvmt of head and neck
S/E of antipsychotics
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| Akathisia | Inability to sit still; motor restlessness
Adverse effect of antipsychotics
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| Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome | Rare, life threatening
Fever
rigid muscles
aggravation
antipsychotic drugs S/E
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| Tardive Dyskinesia | involuntary contractions of oral and facial muscles; muscle tension
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| Serotonin Syndrome | Fatal
high BP
fever
tachycardia
seizures
adverse effects of SSRI
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| Hypothyroidism | Low HR/BP
Lethargic
cold intolerance
low appetite
wt gain
constipation
dry skin
**everything slow (low T3 and T4; high TSH)
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| Hyperthyroidism Treatment | surgery
radioactive iodine
PTU
Tapazole
Potassium Iodine
*drugs take serveral weeks to months to work
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| Hypothyroidism Treatment | levothryoxine
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| Pancreas | synthesize and secrete insulin, glucagon, somatostatin
controls BS and glucose metabolism
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| Posterior Pituitary Releases...? | OT
ADH
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| Hypothalamus Function | stimulates and inhibits pituitary homrones
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| ADH | Retains fluids
constricts BV
Raises BP
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| Hyperthyroidism | Thyroid Storm/ Graves Disease
increased HR and BP
Heat intolerance
restless
increases appetite
wt loss
diarrhea
moist, flushed skin
**everything moves fast (high T3 and T4; low TSH)
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| T3 & T4 | Thyroid hormones
growth, development, metabolism
need iodine to produce
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