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Definitions
Random Pharm Words and definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Withdrawal Symptoms | anxiety aggression tremors seizures palpitations |
| Controlled Substances; Schedule IV | Medical use; some abuse potential; Rx needed; Rx expires Ex. phenobarbitual |
| Pregnancy Category C | Adverse effects reported in animals; not available for humans |
| Pregnancy Category B | Studies indicate no risk to animals; not available for humans. |
| Pregnancy Category X | Fetal abnormalities reported. NOT to be used |
| Pregnancy Category A | Studies indicate no risk to human fetus |
| Pregnancy Category D | possible fetus risk in humans reported. However, in selected cases consideration of benefit vs risk may warrant use |
| Controlled Substances; Schedule I | no medical use; high abuse potential street drugs |
| Controlled Substances; Schedule V | OTC; Minimal abuse |
| Controlled Substances; Schedule III | Medical Use; lower potential for abuse; Rx needed; Rx expires Ex. codeine with other meds |
| Controlled Substances; Schedule II | Medical use, high abuse potential. Rx needed (no refills) Ex. Codeine, morphine |
| Antagonist Effect | 2 drugs given together work worse than when given separately |
| Synergist Effect | 2 drugs given together work better than when given alone |
| Additive Effect | 2 drugs given together work equivalently as when give alone *2 drugs that work the same way are given together |
| Generic Name | lower case; longer; more difficult to say Ex. acetominophen |
| Trade Name | Upper case; shorter; easier to say Ex. Tylenol |
| Drug Rights | 1. right patient 2. right time 3. right dose 4. right drug 5. right route 6. right documentation |
| First-Pass Effect | oral and rectal only reduces bioavailability to lesser than 100% *must pass through the liver before entering the blood |
| Histamine | chemical released from cells results in: bronchoconstriction cough edema mucous pain pruritis flushing |
| Adjuncts to anesthetics | benzo and barbs sedative-hypnotics anticholenergics opioids antiememtics neuromuscular blockers |
| Dyslipidemia | High level of lipids |
| Normal total cholesterol level | <200 mg/dl |
| Normal LDL level | <100 mg/dl |
| Normal HDL level | >60 mg/dl |
| Normal Triglycerides level | <150 mg/dl |
| Combination Diuretics= | K sparing + hydrochlorthiazide |
| Heart Failure Symptoms | dyspnea fatigue edema; peripheral and pulmonary |
| Heart Block | very, very slow HR: conduction not getting through |
| Digoxin Toxicity | N/V/D HA confusion bradycardia PVC Visual disturbances: green/yellow halo around bright objects |
| CHF treatment | Traditional: Dig. Diuretics New: ACE ARBs Beta Blockers Diuretics Inotropes Vasodilators |
| How long does it take for a Parkinson's drug to show effects? | weeks to months |
| Mydriasis | pupil dilation anticholinergic S/E |
| Miosis | pupil constriction |
| What decreases absorption of Levodopa? | Vitamin B6, Protein, iron |
| Parkinson's Disease | brain disorder low dopamine, high AcH Bradykinesia postural inability resting tremors pin rolling muscle rigidity |
| Malignant Hyperthermia | Neuromuscular Blocker S/E high fever muscle rigidity tachycardia |
| Parasympathetic Responses | Mostly GI/GU Lower HR increase GI enzymes and secretions and motility bronchoconstriction constrict pupils contract muscles increase bleeding decrease edema relax vascular smooth muscle *NO effect on BP, BS, mental activity or strength |
| Cardioprotective | beta blocker action protects heart from epinephrine and NE that are released after MI |
| Infiltration | IV goes into tissues instead of vein leads to necrosis |
| Sympathetic Responses | ↑BP and CO ↑Blood Flow ↑Metabolism ↑Glycogen breakdown ↑BS ↑Mental ability ↑strength ↑coagulation ↑RR ↑Sweating pupil dialation |
| Cholinergic Crisis | decrease BP/HR; circulatory collapse Cholinergic meds may cause |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) | Cholinergic feed or breed rest and digest ACh |
| Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) | Adernergic Fight or Flight NE |
| Hypertension Symptoms | HA N/V Visual disturbances Disorientation Altered LOC (decreased) Flushed **silent killer--most people have no symptoms |
| First Dose Phenomenon | BP plummets alpha blockers give at night to prevent |
| How long does it take for antidepressants to work? | two-four weeks |
| Parkinsonism | Prolonged antipsychotic drug use Parkinson effects flat affect slow moving pin rolling hunched over |
| Hypertensive Crisis | stroke due to MAOIs reacting with other meds |
| Dystonia | odd mvmt of head and neck S/E of antipsychotics |
| Akathisia | Inability to sit still; motor restlessness Adverse effect of antipsychotics |
| Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome | Rare, life threatening Fever rigid muscles aggravation antipsychotic drugs S/E |
| Tardive Dyskinesia | involuntary contractions of oral and facial muscles; muscle tension |
| Serotonin Syndrome | Fatal high BP fever tachycardia seizures adverse effects of SSRI |
| Hypothyroidism | Low HR/BP Lethargic cold intolerance low appetite wt gain constipation dry skin **everything slow (low T3 and T4; high TSH) |
| Hyperthyroidism Treatment | surgery radioactive iodine PTU Tapazole Potassium Iodine *drugs take serveral weeks to months to work |
| Hypothyroidism Treatment | levothryoxine |
| Pancreas | synthesize and secrete insulin, glucagon, somatostatin controls BS and glucose metabolism |
| Posterior Pituitary Releases...? | OT ADH |
| Hypothalamus Function | stimulates and inhibits pituitary homrones |
| ADH | Retains fluids constricts BV Raises BP |
| Hyperthyroidism | Thyroid Storm/ Graves Disease increased HR and BP Heat intolerance restless increases appetite wt loss diarrhea moist, flushed skin **everything moves fast (high T3 and T4; low TSH) |
| T3 & T4 | Thyroid hormones growth, development, metabolism need iodine to produce |
Created by:
katie.ann0612
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