Gastrointestinal System
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| What makes up the digestive tract? | Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.
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| Why is it important for a patient to expel barium? | The patient is at risk for constipation/impaction
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| What is the term that describes a hand flapping tremor associated with liver disease? | Asterixis
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| What two functions does the pancreas perform? | Endocrine and Exocrine
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| All of the following laboratory values are often abnormal in a patient with liver pathology, except: a)PT b)AST/ALT c)Alkaline phophatase d)Total bilirubin e)Albumin f)CA125 | CA125 (it's a cancer antigen)
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| What is the primary symptom of achalasia? | Dysphagia
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| Define pyrosis | Burning sensation in the esophagus.
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| Patients with gastritis should be instructed to avoid what types of foods? | Avoid irritating foods and medications such as alcohol, spicy foods, high-fat foods, caffeine, and NSAIDs
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| What two medications have been associated with PUDs? | Aspirin and NSAID, i.e. Motrin
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| Current treatment for peptic ulcer disease focuses on eradicating what bacteria? | H. pylori
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| Cimetidine (Tagamet) is an example of: | histamine (H2)-receptor antagonist.
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| : Drug therapy aimed at reducing gastric acid secretions might include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a)Prokinetic agents b)Antacids c)H2 antagonists d)Proton pump inhibitors e)Coating agents | c & d are used to reduce gastric acid secretions.
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| An example of a PPI is? | Esomeprazole (Nexium), lansoprazole (Prevacid), omeprazole (Prilosec, Prilosec OTC), rabeprazole (Aciphex).
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| what is the best way to administer H2-Antagonists? | With Meals and at Bed time
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| When should you give Antacids? | 1-3 hrs after meals
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| Common side effects of all Anti-infectives? | Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
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| What does the Antacid Sucralfate (Carafate) do? | Sucralfate creates a barrier over the stomach lining (the ulcer)
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| The H2- receptor antagonist Ranitidine bismuth citrate may temporarily cause ___________ | stools and tongue to appear gray-black
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| Unique side effect of the Anti-Infective Tetracycline (dosycycline)? | Photosensitivity
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| a patient is receiving an aluminum-containing antacid. the nurse will inform the patient to watch for which possible adverse effect? | Constipation
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| Antacids containing magnesiumneed to be used cautiously in patients with which condition? | Renal Failure
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| what potential problem might occur with overdose of sodium bicarbonate? | Metabolic Alkalosis
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| The nurse expects for what drug to be ordered for a patient with Helicobacter Pylori cause Gastritis? | An antibiotic
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| why are calcium antiacids not used as often as other antiacids? | Becasue Ca antiacids might result in kidney stones
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| why can the H2 receptor antagonist, cimetidine (Tagament) be contraindicated in geriatric patients? | A common side effect is Confusion. This drug can cause sever confusion.
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| What are some types of cirrhosis? | Alcoholic/Laennec’s,
Post-necrotic,
Biliary,
Cardiac,
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| WHAT ARE SOME CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF CIRRHOSIS? | ANOREXIA,
NAUSEA/VOMITING,
CHANGES IN BOWEL HABITS,
ASCITES,
SPLENOMEGALY,
TISSUE WASTING
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| What is the principle aim of managing a patient with cirrhosis? | to prevent further deterioration by abolishing underlying causes and preserving whatever liver function remains.
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| What are two nursing interventions for a patient with hepatitis? | Promote rest, maintain adequate hydration and nutrition
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| Clinical maifestations of Acites? | Clay colored stools,
Deep orange color urine,
Visible jaundice (eyes, skin),
Dyspepsia,
Gradual weight loss,
Spider telangiectases
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