CHAPTER 6 & 7 test
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| A stimulus is something that produces a reaction or response. | True
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| Classical conditioning relies on pairing a unconditioned stimulus(US) with an conditioned stimulus(CS), so that the new CS produces the same response as the original US. | True
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| Classical conditioning usually produces a__________________ response. | Involuntary
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| I am responsible for in-depth research on classical conditioning, like my salivating dog experiment. | Pavlov
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| In the salivating dog experiment, the meat was the conditioned stimulus. | False
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| Steering clear of peanuts, because of your known peanut allergy, is an example of a learned taste aversion. | True
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| When a conditioned stimulus is no longer followed by an unconditioned stimulus it will eventually lose its ability to bring about a conditioned response. This is called: | Extinction
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| Displaying a response that was previously extinguished is called spontaneous recovery. | True
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| Discrimination is the act of responding in the same way to stimuli that seem similar. | False
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| Letting a spider crawl on the arm of someone who has arachnophobia (fear of spiders) is an example of flooding. | True
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| The story about the boy who cried wolf is an example of which concept? | Extinction
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| The Watson experiment known as Little Albert is an example of which type of learning? | Classical conditioning
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| Operant conditioning teaches subjects to exhibit behavior that has positive consequences and eliminate behavior that has negative consequences. | True
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| Examples of primary reinforcers would be: | Food, shelter, sex, water
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| Negative reinforcers are the same as punishments and positive reinforcers are rewards. | False
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| Having to pay a fine for speeding is an example of negative reinforcement. | False
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| A schedule of reinforcement for every fifth response is a/an __________schedule. | Ratio
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| Knowing how to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, but never actually making the sandwich until one day when you are craving it, is an example of latent learning. | True
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| An example of operant conditioning is when a student acts up in class because he learns it will draw the attention of the class and teacher to himself. | True
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| A Skinner box is a mini laboratory where treatments can be introduced or removed while allowing for easy observation. | True
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| Three basic memory processes | encoding, storage, retrieval
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| Positive reinforcement | presenting pleasant stimuli to encourage a behavior
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| Negative reinforcement | removal of an unpleasant stimulus to encourage a behavior
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| Reinforcer | receiving/removing an item or acknowledgement that encourages you to repeat the same behavior
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| observational learning | when you watch someone perform a task acquiring knowledge to perform the same task
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| tip of the tongue | feeling you know something, but are unable to recall it
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| classical conditioning | type of learning where stimulus gains the ability to cause a response that another stimulus had originally provoked
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| operant conditioning examples | braiding hair, learning to knit, zipping your pants
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| Learning | relatively durable change in behavior due to knowledge
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| Why do most students find recognition tests easier than recall? | Recognition tests is because of multiper choices and recall is writing in the box.
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| example of classical conditioning | learning to find the sound of a voice soothing because you associate it with peacefully falling asleep, the smell of tacos reminds you fondly of home
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| What do we call it when an event following a response weakens our tendency to repeat the response? | Ex. I skip school and get paddled for it.
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| continuous reinforcement | you reinforce every occurrence
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| shaping | learning a skill through gradually improving attempts
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| What must happen before a memory can be retrieved? | encoding retrieval
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| Recall | measuring memory by having subjects reproduce info without cues
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| long term memory | unlimited storage
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| short term memory | approx 7 items in capacity
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| Create an example of classical conditioning that could be applied to the following scenarios (identify the us,ur, cs, and cr): | crunching wintergreen lifesavers that spark, blowing bubbles
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| Classical Conditioning | Ivan Pavlov
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| Operant Conditioning | B. F. Skinner
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| Observational Learning | Albert Bandura
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