Veterinary Fluid Replacement
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| Crystalloids | Versatile, low cost, can pass through cell membranes quickly and therefore get to all body fluid compartments easily, isotonic
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| Replacement fluids | will become hypokalemic over time, put on maintanence fluids for long periods, gives less Na and more K
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| Normal Saline (0.9) | use for hyperkalemia, when animal is low on Na, flush wounds, etc
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| LRS | use in acidosis CI: hyperkalemia, can't give with blood products as will cause clotting, has lactate or acetate which will bind with H= takes down acidosis and makes animal alkalotic, has lots of potassium in it
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| 5% dextrose | use for cardiac patient, won't sustain animal calorie wise, still must feed
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| Ringers | No lactate
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| Plasma-lyte R, Normosol-M | Replacement fluids
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| Normosol R | Maintenance fluid
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| Plasma-lyte M | Maintenance fluid
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| Maintenance fluids | can have +/- 5% dextrose, less sodium, more K (better over the long-term), not appropriate for rapid administration
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| Colloids in General | Have large molecular weight, can't cross vascular membranes, hold fluid in bloodstream, expensive, use in shock SE: allergic reactions or clotting problems, BLOOD IS PERFECT COLLOID
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| Types of Colloids | Dextrans, Hetastarch (longer lasting, less risk of SE), Albumen/plasma
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| Hypertonics in General | Saline above 0.9%, make animal thirsty, treat shock, don't use SQ or will cause sloughing, SE: phlebitis, electrolyte imbalance. Use slow administration rate or risk hypotension, bronchoconstriction, bradycardia
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| Fluid additives | add to alter electrolyte balances
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| Sodium Bicarb | use in metabolic acidosis
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| Potassium Chloride | Use when hypokalemic, when on long-term replacement fluids, anorexic, v/d, diuretics, sweating horses SE:arrythmias, muscle weakness
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| Calcium gluconate/calcium chloride | Use for hypocalcemia, milk fever, eclampsia, thumps SE: arrythmias, hypotension if too fast
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| 50% Dextrose | Use in anorexia, hypoglycemia, DO NOT USE SQ - sloughing/hypertonic
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| Oral Electrolyte Preparations | Usually powders that must be mixed with water, Tumil-K for dogs/cats potassium supplementation, many types
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