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Pharmacology
Veterinary Fluid Replacement
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Crystalloids | Versatile, low cost, can pass through cell membranes quickly and therefore get to all body fluid compartments easily, isotonic |
| Replacement fluids | will become hypokalemic over time, put on maintanence fluids for long periods, gives less Na and more K |
| Normal Saline (0.9) | use for hyperkalemia, when animal is low on Na, flush wounds, etc |
| LRS | use in acidosis CI: hyperkalemia, can't give with blood products as will cause clotting, has lactate or acetate which will bind with H= takes down acidosis and makes animal alkalotic, has lots of potassium in it |
| 5% dextrose | use for cardiac patient, won't sustain animal calorie wise, still must feed |
| Ringers | No lactate |
| Plasma-lyte R, Normosol-M | Replacement fluids |
| Normosol R | Maintenance fluid |
| Plasma-lyte M | Maintenance fluid |
| Maintenance fluids | can have +/- 5% dextrose, less sodium, more K (better over the long-term), not appropriate for rapid administration |
| Colloids in General | Have large molecular weight, can't cross vascular membranes, hold fluid in bloodstream, expensive, use in shock SE: allergic reactions or clotting problems, BLOOD IS PERFECT COLLOID |
| Types of Colloids | Dextrans, Hetastarch (longer lasting, less risk of SE), Albumen/plasma |
| Hypertonics in General | Saline above 0.9%, make animal thirsty, treat shock, don't use SQ or will cause sloughing, SE: phlebitis, electrolyte imbalance. Use slow administration rate or risk hypotension, bronchoconstriction, bradycardia |
| Fluid additives | add to alter electrolyte balances |
| Sodium Bicarb | use in metabolic acidosis |
| Potassium Chloride | Use when hypokalemic, when on long-term replacement fluids, anorexic, v/d, diuretics, sweating horses SE:arrythmias, muscle weakness |
| Calcium gluconate/calcium chloride | Use for hypocalcemia, milk fever, eclampsia, thumps SE: arrythmias, hypotension if too fast |
| 50% Dextrose | Use in anorexia, hypoglycemia, DO NOT USE SQ - sloughing/hypertonic |
| Oral Electrolyte Preparations | Usually powders that must be mixed with water, Tumil-K for dogs/cats potassium supplementation, many types |
Created by:
jtwilks
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