ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
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| Kinaze performs | Phosphorylation
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| The hormone that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is | oxytoxin
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| If a patient is administered a powerful glucocorticoid (such as prednisone) to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might this have on blood chemistry? | both an increase of insulin and an increase in blood glucose
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| Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein | Calmodulin
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| Where does the chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine take place? | In the lumin of the thyroid follicle
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| Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of | hypothyroidism
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| The primary function of ADH is to | decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys
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| Parathyroid hormone does all of the following, except that it doesn't | build up bone
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| Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of | aldosterone
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| Endocrine cells | release their secretions directly into body fluids.
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| Each of the following hormones is produced by the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis, except | oxytoxin
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| A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following, except | ACTH levels
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| The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the ________ system in many ways. | endocrine
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| Hormones known as "catecholamines" are | Are derivatives of the amino acid tyrasine
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| Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called | somatomedins
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| All of the following are true of steroid hormones, except that they | are produced by the suprarenal medulla.
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| Which of the following hormones is/are water soluble and therefore bind(s) to extracellular receptors? | insuline and epinephrine
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| Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of | ADH
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| Which of the following elements is necessary for the production of thyroid hormone? | iodine
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| The C cells of the thyroid gland produce | calcitonin
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| AFTER BRAIN SURGERY, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics one of the following hormones. Which one? | ADH
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| Before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardiac arrhythmias. What glands are these and which hormone is lacking? | parathyroid gland; parathyroid hormone
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| Growth hormone does all of the following, except that it | causes fat accumalation within adipcytes
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| Peptide hormones are | composed of amino acids
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| A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is | aldosterone
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| The zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex produces | glucocorotids
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| The main action of antidiuretic hormone is: | increase water conservation of the kidneys
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| The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is | LH
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| Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ion in the blood. | PTH
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| Increased activity of phosphodiesterase in a target cell would decrease its level of | cAMP
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| All of the following are true of the nervous system, except that it doesn' | function independantly of the endocrine system
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| The posterior pituitary gland secretes | ADH
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| The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that | increase the level of calcium ions in the blood
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| After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex | gene transcription is initiated
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| The most complex endocrine responses involve the | hypothalamus
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| The zona glomerulosa of the suprarenal cortex produces | Mineral corcitoids
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| The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is | MSH
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| Thyroid hormone contains the element | iodine
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| TSH plays a key role in the ________ of thyroid hormones. | synthesis and release
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| Extracellular membrane receptors are used by which of the following types of hormones? | catecholamines, peptide hormones, and eicosanoids
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| Too little secretion of cortisol and aldosterone causes | Addison disease
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| The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is | TSH
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| The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a(n) ________ organ. | endocrine
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| Steroid hormones | bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.
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| Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause | gigantism
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| ________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues. | hormones
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| Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the | thyroid gland
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| The term used to describe excess production of urine is | polyuria
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| Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates? | growth hormone
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| A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is | calcitonin
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| The zona reticularis of the suprarenal cortex produces | androgens
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| If the adenyl cyclase activity of liver cells were missing, which of these hormones could no longer stimulate release of glucose? | glucagon
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| The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is | ADH
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| A simple endocrine reflex involves ________ hormone(s). | One
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| The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is | thyroxine
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| Which of the following substances activates protein kinases and thus acts as a second messenger? | cyclic AMP
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| The two lobes of the pituitary gland together produce how many hormones? | 9
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| Destruction of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus would have which result? | Loss of ADH secretion
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| When adenyl cyclase is activated, | ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed.
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| The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is | Prolactin
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| When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the | Second messengers appear in cytoplasm
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| The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the suprarenal cortex is | ACTH
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| The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is | somatotropin
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| Neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture | ADH and oxytoxin
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| The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually | A G protein
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| If the median eminence of the hypothalamus is destroyed, the hypothalamus would no longer be able to control the secretion of which of the following hormones? | TSH, ACTH, PRL
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| Damage to cells of the zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex would result in | decreased ability to convert amino acids to glucose
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| Which of the following is not an action of TSH? | inhibits the t3 and t4
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| Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative, except | thyroid stimulating hormones
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| The hypothalamus controls secretion by the adenohypophysis by | secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system.
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| Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at the same time. | a few
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| A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver is | cortisol
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| The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is | the parathyroid hormone
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| All target cells | Have hormone receptors
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| PRL is to ________ as ACTH is to ________. | prolactin; corticotropin
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| The suprarenal medulla produces | catecholamines
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| The suprarenal medulla produces the hormones | epinephrine and nonrepinephrine
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| The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is | FSH
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| Which of the following cells are target cells for the hormone that causes a decrease in blood-calcium concentration? | osteoclats
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| The condition known as hirsutism can result from too | much androgen production
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| The control of calcitonin excretion is an example of direct ________ regulation. | endocrine
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| The action of thyroid hormone on a target cell involves all these steps except one. Identify the incorrect step. | binding to a hormone receptor in the plasma membrane
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| Cushing disease results from an excess of | glucocorotids
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