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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Kinaze performs | Phosphorylation |
| The hormone that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is | oxytoxin |
| If a patient is administered a powerful glucocorticoid (such as prednisone) to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might this have on blood chemistry? | both an increase of insulin and an increase in blood glucose |
| Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein | Calmodulin |
| Where does the chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine take place? | In the lumin of the thyroid follicle |
| Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of | hypothyroidism |
| The primary function of ADH is to | decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys |
| Parathyroid hormone does all of the following, except that it doesn't | build up bone |
| Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of | aldosterone |
| Endocrine cells | release their secretions directly into body fluids. |
| Each of the following hormones is produced by the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis, except | oxytoxin |
| A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following, except | ACTH levels |
| The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the ________ system in many ways. | endocrine |
| Hormones known as "catecholamines" are | Are derivatives of the amino acid tyrasine |
| Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called | somatomedins |
| All of the following are true of steroid hormones, except that they | are produced by the suprarenal medulla. |
| Which of the following hormones is/are water soluble and therefore bind(s) to extracellular receptors? | insuline and epinephrine |
| Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of | ADH |
| Which of the following elements is necessary for the production of thyroid hormone? | iodine |
| The C cells of the thyroid gland produce | calcitonin |
| AFTER BRAIN SURGERY, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics one of the following hormones. Which one? | ADH |
| Before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardiac arrhythmias. What glands are these and which hormone is lacking? | parathyroid gland; parathyroid hormone |
| Growth hormone does all of the following, except that it | causes fat accumalation within adipcytes |
| Peptide hormones are | composed of amino acids |
| A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is | aldosterone |
| The zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex produces | glucocorotids |
| The main action of antidiuretic hormone is: | increase water conservation of the kidneys |
| The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is | LH |
| Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ion in the blood. | PTH |
| Increased activity of phosphodiesterase in a target cell would decrease its level of | cAMP |
| All of the following are true of the nervous system, except that it doesn' | function independantly of the endocrine system |
| The posterior pituitary gland secretes | ADH |
| The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that | increase the level of calcium ions in the blood |
| After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex | gene transcription is initiated |
| The most complex endocrine responses involve the | hypothalamus |
| The zona glomerulosa of the suprarenal cortex produces | Mineral corcitoids |
| The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is | MSH |
| Thyroid hormone contains the element | iodine |
| TSH plays a key role in the ________ of thyroid hormones. | synthesis and release |
| Extracellular membrane receptors are used by which of the following types of hormones? | catecholamines, peptide hormones, and eicosanoids |
| Too little secretion of cortisol and aldosterone causes | Addison disease |
| The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is | TSH |
| The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a(n) ________ organ. | endocrine |
| Steroid hormones | bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells. |
| Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause | gigantism |
| ________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues. | hormones |
| Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the | thyroid gland |
| The term used to describe excess production of urine is | polyuria |
| Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates? | growth hormone |
| A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is | calcitonin |
| The zona reticularis of the suprarenal cortex produces | androgens |
| If the adenyl cyclase activity of liver cells were missing, which of these hormones could no longer stimulate release of glucose? | glucagon |
| The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is | ADH |
| A simple endocrine reflex involves ________ hormone(s). | One |
| The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is | thyroxine |
| Which of the following substances activates protein kinases and thus acts as a second messenger? | cyclic AMP |
| The two lobes of the pituitary gland together produce how many hormones? | 9 |
| Destruction of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus would have which result? | Loss of ADH secretion |
| When adenyl cyclase is activated, | ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed. |
| The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is | Prolactin |
| When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the | Second messengers appear in cytoplasm |
| The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the suprarenal cortex is | ACTH |
| The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is | somatotropin |
| Neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture | ADH and oxytoxin |
| The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually | A G protein |
| If the median eminence of the hypothalamus is destroyed, the hypothalamus would no longer be able to control the secretion of which of the following hormones? | TSH, ACTH, PRL |
| Damage to cells of the zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex would result in | decreased ability to convert amino acids to glucose |
| Which of the following is not an action of TSH? | inhibits the t3 and t4 |
| Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative, except | thyroid stimulating hormones |
| The hypothalamus controls secretion by the adenohypophysis by | secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system. |
| Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at the same time. | a few |
| A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver is | cortisol |
| The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is | the parathyroid hormone |
| All target cells | Have hormone receptors |
| PRL is to ________ as ACTH is to ________. | prolactin; corticotropin |
| The suprarenal medulla produces | catecholamines |
| The suprarenal medulla produces the hormones | epinephrine and nonrepinephrine |
| The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is | FSH |
| Which of the following cells are target cells for the hormone that causes a decrease in blood-calcium concentration? | osteoclats |
| The condition known as hirsutism can result from too | much androgen production |
| The control of calcitonin excretion is an example of direct ________ regulation. | endocrine |
| The action of thyroid hormone on a target cell involves all these steps except one. Identify the incorrect step. | binding to a hormone receptor in the plasma membrane |
| Cushing disease results from an excess of | glucocorotids |
Created by:
willustrate