relative dating and evolution review
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| The preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past are? | Fossils
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| How do fossils form? | Fossils of hard mineral parts (like bones and teeth) were formed as follows: Some animals were quickly buried after their death (by sinking in mud, being buried in a sand storm, etc.). Over time, more and more sediment covered the remains.
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| Fossils form in what type of rock(s)? | Sedimentary rock,
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| What is the law of superposition? | Stating that in any undisturbed sequence of rocks deposited in layers, the youngest layer is on top and the oldest on bottom, each layer being younger than the one beneath it and older than the one above it.
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| Fossils of organisms that were widely distributed but only lived during a short period of time are called? | Index fossils
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| What is a rock layers' age compared to other rock layers' |
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| The gradual change in a species over time is? | Evolution
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| In the law of super position the fossils found in the bottom layer are _____ than the organisms alive today. | Older
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| Define folding faulting and uplifting |
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| What is 1 piece of evidence that suggests that ancestors of whales once walked on land? | They need to breathe
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| Draw a reverse fault and label hanging wall and foot wall |
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| What is stress? (faults) | Tension building up
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| What is compression? | A compression is a region in a longitudinal wave where the particles are closest together
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| What is shearing? | Break off or cause to break off
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| What type of fault has the hanging wall of a reverse fault pushed on top of the foot wall? | Reverse fault
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| Draw a normal fault and label hanging wall and foot wall |
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| Draw a strike slip fault and label hanging wall and foot wall |
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| Explain Darwin's Theory of evolution vs Lamarck's |
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| What is natural selection? | the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
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| What are contour lines? | a line on a map joining points of equal height above or below sea level.
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| What is an adaptation? | a change or the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment.
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| What happens to a species that cannot adapt? | It is killed off.
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| Do adaptations happen quickly? | No.
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| What is the most recent change in the evolution of the whale? | The blowhole
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| Calculate the temperature in celsius and fahrenheit of a site that has 65% smooth leaves, |
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| What is a trait? | a distinguishing quality or characteristic
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| Give examples of inherited traits. | Long legs, short hair
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| Give examples of learned behaviors. | Rolling tongue
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| What is Darwin's theory of evolution? | stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.
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| Where did Darwin do his research on Finches? | Galapagos Islands.
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| What did Darwin conclude about the Finches beaks? | They show us that finches can vary in their morphology, and that natural selection has a role in this.
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| Diagram the rock cycle. Be sure to include the process of melting, erosion , and heat/pressure. |
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| Describe and diagram the thermal processes driving the rock cycle. |
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| Tell where the thermal energy for the rock cycle originates. |
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| Describe how plate motion causes rocks to move through the rock cycle. |
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| Describe an example of a gradual change that could lead to extinction in a species. Identify if it is a climate or geological change. |
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| What is radiometric dating? | a method of dating geological or archeological specimens by determining the relative proportions of particular radioactive isotopes present in a sample.
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| Calculate the number of half-life if a fossils has 150 atoms of Carbon 14 and 450 atoms of Carbon 12. |
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