Chpt. 16 Engine Size and Performance Measurements
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| 16 How is engine size determined? | by the number of cylinders, the cylinder diameter, and the amount of piston travel per stroke
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| 16 Define cylinder bore | the diameter of the engine cylinder
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| 16 How is cylinder bore measured? | across the cylinder, parallel to the top of the block
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| 16 What are the two typical size cylinder bores? | 3" and 4"
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| 16 Define piston stroke | the distance the piston moves from top dead center TDC to bottom dead center BDC
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| 16 What does TDC stand for? | top dead center
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| 16 What does BDC stand for? | bottom dead center
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| 16 What controls the piston stroke? | the amount of throw (offset) built into the cranshaft rod journal
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| 16 What does it mean if an engine's specs for bore and stroke ar given as 4.00" x 3.00"? | the engine cylinder is 4" in diameter and the piston stroke is 3"
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| 16 What generally makes an engine more powerful? | a larger bore and a longer stroke
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| 16 What does a larger cylinder diameter and large piston stroke produce? | a large piston displacement
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| 16 If an engine has a bore of 3" and a stroke of 4", what is its piston displacement? | 28.26 cu. in. (3.14 x 1.5 squared x 4)
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| 16 What is engine displacement? | the volume displaced by all the pistons in the engine
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| 16 If one poston displaces 30 cu. in. and the engine has four cylinders, what is the engine displacement? | 120 cu. in (30 x 4 = 120)
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| 16 Define force | the pushing or pulling action
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| 16 If you use a hoist to lift a 600 lb engine 5' in the air how much work is done? | 3000 ft lb (600 x 5)
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| 16 Define power | the rate or speed at which work is done
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| 16 What is the metric unit for power? | watt (kilowatt)
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| 16 How much power is needed for an engine to move 4000 lb car 2000' in one minute? | 8,000,000 ft ob per min (4000 x 2000)
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| 16 Define compression ratio | the cylinder volume with the piston at TDC to the cylinder volume with the piston at BDC
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| 16 Define compression pressure | the amount of pressure produced in the cylinder during the compression stroke
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| 16 What is compression pressure measured in? | kilopascals and pounds per square inch
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| 16 What is a compression gauge used for? | to measure engine compression pressure
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| 16 What is the normal compression pressure for a modern automotive gasoline engine? | 130 - 180 psi (pounds per square inch)
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| 16 What are the possible causes if an engine's compression pressure is low? | bad rings, burned valves, blown head gasket
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| 16 Where can engine torque specifications be looked up? | in the shop manual
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| 16 What is engine horsepower? | a measure of an engine's abilitly to perform work (power)
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| 16 About how much horsepower would be needed for a small engine to lift 1000 lb a distance of 500' in one minute? | 15.2 hp
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| 16 What is brake horsepower? | measures the usable power at the engine crankshaft
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| 16 What is used to measure the brake horsepower of modern car engines? | engine dynamometer
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| 16 What measures the horsepower delivered to the drive wheels? | chassis dynamometer
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| 16 Define indicated horsepower | amount of power formed in the engine combustion chambers
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| 16 Explain frictional horsepower | the power needed to overcome engine friction
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| 16 Net, gross or taxable horsepower is the maximum power developed when an engine is loaded by all accessories? | net
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| 16 Net, gross or taxable horsepower is the engine power available with only basic accessories installed | gross
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| 16 Net, gross, or taxable horsepower is simply a general rating of engine size? | taxable
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| 16 What is meant by engine efficiency? | the ratio of usable power at the engine crankshaft (brake horsepower) to the power supplied to the engine (heat content of fuel)
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| 16 What percentage are modern piston engines efficent? | 20 %
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| 16 What is volumetric efficiency? | the ratio of air drawn into the cylinder and the maximum possible amount of air that could enter the cylinder
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| 16 Define mechanical efficiency | measurement of mechanical friction
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| 16 What percentage of an engine's power is lost to friction? | 20% - 30 %
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| 16 What does thermal efficiency measure? | the amount of heat energy converted into crankshaft rotation
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