Genetics Test
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Heredity | The passing of traits from parents to offspring
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| Alleles | Different forms of the same gene
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| Homozygous/ Purebred Dominant | Organism that has two identical alleles for a trait (such as SS)
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| 23 chromosomes | The number of chromosomes present in a human sex cell
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| DNA | Found inside the nucleus that controls all cell activities
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| Genes | Set of instructions for each characteristic that are donated by the parent to the offspring
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| Genotype | Actual inherited combination of alleles
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| Phenotype | Organism's appearance
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| 25% | Two plants are crossed Ttx Tt, the probability that the offspring plants will show the recessive trait
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| Interphase | Cells are not dividing, the stage of the cell cycle they are in
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| Two functions of chromosomes | Determine traits and control cell processes
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| DNA molecule, base pairs | C + G, A + T
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| DNA strand, sides of the ladder | Sugar and phosphate
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| Nitrogenous pairs | Rungs of the ladder in a DNA molecule
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| TAGGCTA | ATCCGAT
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| Meiosis purpose | Create four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as body cell
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| Mitosis purpose | Create identical daughter cells; same number as body cells
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| If a plant has 20 chromosomes in its egg cells, how many chromosomes would its leaf cell contain? | 40 chromosomes
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| Why mitosis is important | Allows chromosomes to separate into the new daughter cells and replaced old and malfunctioning cells
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| Steps of mitosis | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
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| Sex cells and human cells difference | They have half the number of chromosomes
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| The genotype Tt means what to geneticists | One dominant and one recessive allele
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| Punnett square shows what | All possible outcomes of a genetic cross
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| Heterozygous organism | Organism with one dominant allele and one recessive allele; different alleles for traits
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| Why cell produce new cells | To replace cells that have died
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| Telophase | New nuclear membranes form
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| Chromosomes | Genes are located on this
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| If an organism has 40 chromosomes in its body cells, how many chromosomes would be in its egg cell? | 20 chromosomes
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| Why daughter cells must be identical to the parent cell | So they do the same function or job as the parent cell
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| How many chromosomes human have | 46 chromosomes
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| Metaphase | Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
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| Anaphase | Chromosomes split and chromatids move to opposite sides
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| How asexual reproduction is important to humans | Many body cells reproduce this way
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| Before a cell divides | The cell has to copy all its DNA
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| Order of the cell cycle | Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
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| RNA has thymine | False
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| DNA has thymine | True
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| Deoribonucleic acid | DNA
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| Ribonucleic acid | RNA
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| Ribose sugar present | RNA
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| Deoxyribose sugar present | DNA
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| Sugar is linked to a phosphate group at one end and a nitrogenous base at the other end | DNA, RNA
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| Polymer of nucelotides | DNA, RNA
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| Adenine present | DNA, RNA
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| Thymine | DNA
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| Uracil | RNA
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| Cytosine | DNA, RNA
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| Guanine | DNA, RNA
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| Two double chains held in a double helix by hydrogen bonds | DNA
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| Single-stranded | RNA
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| Contains a chemical code or message which must be transcribed | DNA
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| Mendel | Father of genetics
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| Gene | Basic unit of heredity located on the chromosome
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| Phenotype | What an organism looks like because of the inherited genes
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| Heredity | Passing of traits to the offspring
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| Dominant | The gene that covers up another gene
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| Purebred | When both genes are the same
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| Heterozygous | Another name for being a hybrid for a trait
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| Genotype | What the genes are (the letters)
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| Allele | Different forms of the same gene, dominant or recessive
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| Recessive | The gene that is covered or masked
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| Hybrid | When the alleles are dominant and recessive (Hh)
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| Probability | The likelihood that an event will occur
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| Homozygous | Another name for being a purebred for a trait
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| The number of genes that usually control a characteristic | 2 genes
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| Punnett square | The special chart that shows the possible combination of genes
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| Meiosis | Reproductive process that forms gametes that contain one-half of the chromosomes that contain the genes needed for each trait
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| What Gregor Mendel used to test his theories | Pea plants
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| The gene is actually a section of what located in the nucleus | DNA
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