Chapter 32
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Auscultation | The act of listening to body sounds, typically with a stethoscope, to assess varies organs throughout the body
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| Bruit | An abnormal sound or murmur heard on auscultation of an organ, vessel, or gland
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| Clubbing | Abnormal enlargement of the distal phalanges (finger/toes) associated with cyanotic heart disease or advanced chronic pulmonary disease
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| Colonoscopy | A procedure in which a fiberoptic scope is used to examine the large intestine
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| Electrocardiogram | A graphic record of electrical conduction through the heart
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| Emphysema | The pathologic accumulation of air in the alveoli, which results in alveolar destruction and overall oxygen deprivation; in the lungs, the bronchioles become plugged with mucus and lose elasticity
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| Gait | The manner or style of walking
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| Hematopoiesis | The formation and development of blood cells in the red bone marrow
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| Intercellular | a term referring to the area between cells
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| Intracellular | a term referring to the area within the cell membrane
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| Manipulation | movement or exercising of a body part by means of an externally applied force
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| Mastication | Chewing
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| Murmur | An abnormal sound heard during auscultation of the heart that may or may not have a pathogenic origin; it is associated with valve disease or a congestive heart defect
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| Nodules | Small lumps, lesions, or swelling that are felt when the skin is palpated
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| Palpation | the use of touch during physical examination to assess the size, consistency, and location or certain body parts
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| Peristalsis | The rhythmic contraction of involuntary muscles lining the gastrointestinal tract
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| Sclera | The white part of the eye that forms the orbit
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| Transillumination | Inspection of a cavity or organ by passing light through its walls
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| Trauma | Physical injury or a wound caused by an external force or violence
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| Vasoconstriction | Contraction of the muscles lining blood vessels, which narrows the lumen
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| Cell | The basic unit of life
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| 100 trillion | Estimated that the human body is made up of how many cells?
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| 4 types of tissue within the body | Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous
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| Epithelial Tissue | Makes up the skin, glands, and linings of the body parts and organs
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| Epithelial tissue is classified according to shape: | Squamous(flat), Cuboidal(square), Columnar(long\narrow),Transitional(Various shapes that can stretch)
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| Connective tissue | Supports and binds other body tissue
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| Types of connective tissue include: | Collagen, bone, cartilage, adipose, ligaments, tendons, blood, & lymph
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| Muscle Tissue | Produces movement
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| Types of muscle tissue include: | Skeletal(striated, voluntary), Cardiac(striated, involuntary), & smooth(non-striated, involuntary)
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| Nervous Tissue | Conducts nerve impulses between the periphery and central nervous system
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| Nervous tissue is made up of : | Neurons and supportive structures known as neuroglial cells
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| Organs | Composed of two or more types of tissue bound together.
May have more than one function.
May be part of more than one system.
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| Systems | A body system is composed of several organs and their associated structures.
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| The instruments used in a physical exam: | Allow the physician to see, feel, inspect, and listen to parts of the body
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| Physical examinations are usually preformed: | From the head to the feet
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| Opthalmoscope | Used to inspect the inner structures of the eye
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| Tongue depressor | A flat, wooden blade used to hold down the tongue during a throat exam
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| Otoscope | Used to examine the external auditory canal/tympanic membrane
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| Nasal Speculum | used to examine the lining of the nose, nasal membranes, and internal septum
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| Tuning fork | Used to check the patients auditory acuity and to test bone vibration
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| Tape measure | measuring device, typically used to assess length/head circumference of infants or wound size
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| Stethoscope | used during auscultation to hear internal body sounds
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| Reflex hammer | used to strike the tendons of the knew and elbows to test neurological reflexes
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| Gloves | used whenever the potential exists for contact with any body fluid or contaminates items exists
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| Additional supplies | guaze, cotton balls, cotton-tipped applicators, specimen containers, hemoccult packets
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| Inspection | Ranges from focusing on the patients general appearance, to more detailed observations such as body contour, gait, symmetry, visible injuries, deformities, tremors, rash & color changes
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| Percussion | Involves tapping or striking the body to elict sounds/vibrations
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| Mensuration | The process of measuring
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| FOWLERS POSITION | THE PATIENT SITS ON THE EXAM TABLE WITH THE HEAD OF THE TABLE ELEVATED TO 90 DEGREES, OR HE OR SHE SITS ON THE EDGE. This position is useful for examining the head, neck, and chest as well as for patients with orthopnea. (Drape placement varies)
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| SEMI-FOWLERS POSITION | THE HEAD OF THE TABLE IS PLACED AT A 45 DEGREE ANGLE. Useful for postoperative exams, patients with breathing disorders, patients with elevated temperatures, or those suffering from head trauma. (The drape should cover the entire patient from nipple line)
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| SUPINE (HORIZONTAL RECUMBENT) POSITION | THE PT LIES FLAT WITH THE FACE UPWARD&THE LOWER LEGS SUPPORTED BY THE TABLE EXTENTION. Used for examination of the front of the body including the breast, heart, & abdominal organs. ( Pt.s gown should open down the front & drape should cover everything)
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| DORSAL RECUMBENT POSITION | THE PT LIES FACE UP W/ KNEES FLEXED. FEET FLAT ON TABLE. Used for exam of rectal, vaginal, and perineal areas. Pt completely draped w/ drape in diamond shape until physician is present.
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| LITHOTOMY POSTION | THE PATIENT WILL NOT BE PLACED IN THIS POSITION UNTIL THE PHYSICIAN ID IN THE EXAM ROOM. PATIENT ON BACK WITH KNEES FLEXED AND ARMS AT SIDES OR ACROSS THE CHEST (Drape should be large enough to cover breast and wide enough to cover hips)
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| SIMS (LATERAL) POSITION | Pt on left side(left arm and shoulder drawn back behind body). Used mainly for rectal exams, instillation of rectal medication, and some perineal and pelvic exams.
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| Prone position | Pt lies face down on the table. (used for examination of back and for certain surgeries)
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