All vocabulary words in Apologia Biology module #11
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Invertebrates | Animals that lack a backbone
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| Vertebrates | Animals that possess a backbone
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| Spherical symmetry | An organism possesses spherical symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any cut that runs through the organism's center
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| Radial symmetry | An organism possesses radial symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any longitudinal cut through its center
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| Bilateral symmetry | An organism possesses bilateral symmetry if it can only be cut into two identical halves by a single longitudinal cut along its center which divides it into right and left halves
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| Epidermis | An outer layer of cells designed to provide protection
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| Mesenchyme | The jellylike substance that separates the epidermis from the inner cells in a sponge
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| Collar cells | Flagellated cells that push water through a sponge
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| Amoebocytes | Cells that move using pseudopods and perform different functions in different animals
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| Gemmule | A cluster of cells encased in a hard, spicule-reinforced shell
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| Polyp | The sessile, tubular form of a cnidarian with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk at the other
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| Medusa | A free-swimming cnidarian with a bell-shaped body and tentacles
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| Epithelium | Animal tissue consisting of one or more layers of cells that have only one free surface, because the other surface adheres to a membrane or other substance
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| Mesoglea | The jellylike substance that separates the epithelial cells in a cnidarian
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| Nematocysts | Small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators
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| Testes | Organs that produce sperm
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| Ovaries | Organs that produce eggs
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| Anterior end | The end of an animal that contains its head
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| Posterior end | The end of an animal that contains its tail
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| Circulatory system | A system designed to transport food and other necessary substances throughout a creature's body
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| Nervous system | A system of sensitive nerve cells that respond to stimuli such as sound, touch, and taste
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| Ganglia | Masses of nerve cell bodies
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| Hermaphroditic | Possessing both the male and the female reproductive organs
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| Regeneration | The ability to regrow a missing part of the body
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| Mantle | A sheath of tissue that encloses the vital organs of a mollusk, makes the mollusk's shell, and performs respiration
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| Shell | A tough, multilayered structure secreted by the mantle, generally used for protection, but sometimes for body support
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| Visceral hump | A hump that contains a mollusk's heart, digestive, and excretory organs
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| Foot | A muscular organ that is used for locomotion and takes a variety of forms depending on the animal
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| Radula | An organ covered with teeth that mollusks use to scrape food into their mouths
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| Univalve | An organism with a single shell
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| Bivalve | An organism with two shells
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