Cell Neuro
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| What are the type of glial cells? | -Oligodendrocytes
-Schwan
-Microglial
-Astrocytes
-Radial
-Ependymal
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| Traits of Oligodendrocytes? | -Myelinate multiple axons of neurons in the CNS
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| Traits of Schwan? | -Myelinates a single axon of a neuron in the PNS
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| Traits of Microglial? | -Immune cells of nervous system. Destroy foreign bodies.
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| Traits of Astrocytes? | -Cover the capillaries in the brain to help decrease permeability.
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| Traits of Radial Glia? | -They help from new neurons and connections during neurogenesis
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| Traits of Ependymal? | -Reside in ventricles of brain and produce CSF.
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| In what different ways can you record neuron activity? | -Extracellular: multiunit recordings
-Intracellular: (Sharps) holes in cells
-Whole cell: Suck tube makes seal recording
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| What is the blood brain barrier? | -Tight junctions of endothelial cells inside the capillary and astrocytes
-Protects brain from potential irritants
-Transports important molecules like glucose that otherwise wouldn't make it into the brain.
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| What is the term for cell bodies in the brain? | -Nucleus
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| What is the term for cell bodies in the PNS? | -Ganglion
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| What is a glial cell? | -Anything not neuron
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| What is a neuron? | -Fires action potentials
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| Whats the difference b/w Reticular theory/ Neuron doctrine? | -R: Neurons not independent units and were ll connected
-N: Neurons are independent from each other and seperated by synapses
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| What is membrane potential? | -Voltage difference across the cell membrane
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| What is resting potential? | -The steady electrical potential across the membrane in an inactive state.
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| What is equilibrium potential? | - A voltage difference at which the electrical and chemical forces are equal and opposite so that there in no net movement of ions.
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| What is reversal potential? | -Means that a change of membrane potential on either side of the equilibrium potential reverses the overall direction of ion flux.
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| What is sub threshold potential? | -Fluctuations of the voltage difference between the interior and exterior of a neuron before reaches a critical point.
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| What is an action potential? | - All or nothing
-Large change in membrane potential
-Always positive
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| Which part of a neuron is responsible for generating action potential? | -Axon Hillock
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| Dendritic spines are? | -Postsynaptic specializations
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| The capillary endothelial cells in the brain contribute to the blood brain barrier through use of? | -Tight junctions
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| Which are usual kind of potential exhibited by nerve cells? | -Resting membrane
-Action
-Reaction
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| if the membrane potential is positive to the reversal potential for K+ then increasing K+ conductance causes? | -K+ ions to leave the cell, cell becomes hyperpolarized? (not sure)
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| The resting membrane potential is not exactly equal to the Nernst potential for potassium because? | -the membrane has some permeability to species other than potassium.
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| Typically neurons firing an action potential encode a signals intensity by? | -changing the frequency of their action potentials.
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| Main function of cerebellum? | -regulate balance
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| Main function of Temporal lobe? | -memory
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| Main function of Frontal lobe? | -motor development
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| Main function of Parietal lobe? | -process sensory information
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| Main function of Occipital lobe? | -vision
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| If you would like to monitor synaptic inputs into a cell the best technique would be? | -intracellular ?
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| If you would like to monitor the activity of neuronal networks as an animal conducts a behavioral task the best technique would be? | -?
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| If you would like to study conductance properties of a channel the best technique would be? | -?
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| If you would like to compare the affinities of a channel to various ligands the best technique would be? | -extracellular ?
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| If you would like to study the possible roll of second messengers in modulating the conductance through a channel the best technique would be? | -?
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| What are the differences b/w graded potentials and action potentials? | GP AP
-has no threshold -threshold
-local -global
-located in dendrites - located in axon hillock
-can be inhibited or excitatory -only excitatory
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| Explain the mechanism by which an ion channel can allow k+ to pass but keep Na+ out. | Na+ ions can't because their much smaller size causes them to bind tighter to surrounding water molecules.K ion enters the narrow segment of the channel, the water molecules are readily stripped off and the ion is held in place by slightly charged O atoms
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| What is a rectifying synapse? | -voltage-gated ion channels that open in response to depolarization of an axon's plasma membrane, and prevent current from traveling in one of the two directions.
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