pt evaluation
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| what are four life functions? | ventilation, oxygenation,circulation,perfusion
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| what is the most common problem when dealing with life function? | oxygenation
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| how do you find smoking history? | pack years= # of packs per day X # of years smoked
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| what is the normal urine output? | 40 ML / hr or about 1 Liter/ day
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| what is sensible water loss? | urine, vomiting
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| what is insensible water loss? | lungs and skin
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| if intake exceeds output this can cause what? | Weight gain, electrolyte imbalance , increased hemodynamic pressures, and decrease lung compliance
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| what can a decrease is cvp (<2 mm hg) indicate ? | hypovolemia
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| what can a increase in cvp (>6 mm hg) indicate? | hypervolemia
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| what is peripheral edema? | presence of excessive fluid in the tissue primarily in the ankles and arms
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| what causes peripheral edema? | CHF and Renal failure
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| what is ascities and what causes it? | accumulation of fluid in the abdomen generally caused by liver failure
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| what causes venous distention? | CHF, and obstructive lung disease
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| What can cause diaphoresis? | heart failure,fever,anxiety, TB
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| what are the normal muscles of ventilation? | diaphragm,external intercostals,
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| What are accessory muscles of ventilation? | intercostal, scalene,sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis , abdominal mucles,such as oblique
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| what is hypertophy and what disease dose this occur in? | increase in muscles size . which you would see in your COPD pts
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| signs of respiratory distress | retraction, accessory muscle use, nasal flaring grunting
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| normal heart rate | 60-100
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| what is tachycardia and what dose it indicate? | >100 indicates hyoxemia, anxiety, stress
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| what is bradycardia and what dose it indicate? | <60 indicates heart failure, shock code emergency
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| what is paradoxical pulse/ pulsus paradoxus and what can it indicate? | pulse/ blood pressure vairies with respiration. may indicate severe air trapping such as in status asthmaticus or cardiac tamponade
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| what causes the trachea to be deviated toward the pathology? | pulmonary atelectasis, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonectomy,or diaphragmatic paralysis
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| what cause the trachea to be deviated away from the pathology? | massive pleural effusion, tension pneumothorax, neck or thyroid tumors, or large mediastinal mass
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| what is the normal blood pressure? | 120/80
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| what can cause hypertension? | cardiac stress such as hypoxemia
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| what can cause hypotenion? | poor perfusion such as in hypovolemia and CHF
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