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| what is uniformitarianism? | the principle that processes that occurred in earth's past can be explained by current geological processes.
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| who first stated this principle? | james hutton
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| how old is the earth as we know? | 4.6 billion years
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| what is relative age? | the age of an object in relation to the ages of other objects.
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| rock can form in layers, called ______, that show the sequence of events that took place in the past. | strata
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| most commonly studied in | sedimentary rock
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| the law of ____________ states that the layer on the bottom is older than the layer above it. | superposition
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| the law of _________________ states that the an igneous intrusion or a fault is always younger than the rock layers it cuts through. | crosscutting relationships
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| what is absolute age? | the numeric age
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| a method used to determine absolute age by comparing the relative percentages of a radioactive isotope to a state isotope | Radiometric dating
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| uranium 238 has a half life of what? | 4.5 billion years
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| younger rock layers can be indirectly dated by using carbon 14 dating to analyze the organic material (wood, bones, shells) embedded in the rock layer. | carbon dating
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| tracks, burrows, borings are examples of what? | trace fossils
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| how fast do you have to protect or burried dead organism | quickly
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| how is evolution related to geologic change? | by using geologic change they can determine environmental change or evolution.
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| what are two characteristics of most Precambrian rocks. | deformed and rare fossils
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| why are fossils rare in Precambrian rocks. | they are extremely old
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| describe one life-form from each of the six periods of the Paleozoic Era. | marine life-forms, vertebrates, Euripides, rhipidistians
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| why is the Devonian Period is commonly called the Age of Fishes. | most fossils of that time were fish fossils
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| list the kinds of life-forms that became extinct during the mass extinction at the end of the Permian Period. |
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| list the periods of the Mesozoic Era, and describe one major life-form in each period. |
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| identify two major geologic and two major biological developments of the Mesozoic Era. |
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| list the periods and epochs of the Cenozoic Era, and describe one major life-form in each division. |
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| identify two major geologic and two major biological developments of the Cenozoic Era. |
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| how the ice ages affected animal life during the Cenozoic Era. |
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| the era, period, and epoch we are in today. |
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| the worldwide environmental changes that set the stage for the Age of Mammals. |
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