chapter 29 biology
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| found in the water habitats some are on land; more than 100 thousand named species | mollusks
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| has a true coelom | body cavity
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| Fluid filled body cavity within the mesoderm | coelom
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| Most have bilateral symmetry and many have 1 or more shells called valves | mollusks
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| what are the organ systems in a mollusks | circulatory; reparation; digestion; excretion
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| what are the 3 body plans of a mollusk | muscular food; head; visceral mass
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| most breath with ciliated gills located in there mantle cavity | respiration of a mollusk
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| space between the mantle and the visceral mass (central section that contains the bodies organs) | mantel cavity
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| heavy fold of tissue that surrounds the visceral mass | mantel
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| describe how mollusks breath | constant beating of cilia causes a continuous stream of water to pass over the gills it may extract 50% or more of the dissolved oxygen from the water that passes over the gills
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| if mollusks lack gills | mantle cavity functions as simple lung
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| How many chamber hearts does a mollusk have | 3
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| What circulatory system does a mollusk have | Open circulatory system
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| the blood leaks out of the blood vessel and bathes the body's tissues directly | Open circulatory system
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| collect blood from gills | 2 chambers
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| pumps oxygenated blood out of vessels into tissues where nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between blood and tissues. The blood returns to the heart by the gills. | 3 chamber
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| _____and ____ are the exception, they have a closed circulatory system | Octopi, squids
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| the blood never leaves the blood vessels the materials into and out of the blood by diffusing across the walls of the vessels | Closed circulatory system
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| they use there coelom to collect waste laden body fluids | excretion
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| used during excretion to collect the waste laden body | coelom
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| nitrogen rich waste are filtered from the ceolimic fluid by tiny tibial structures called _____, this allows useful molecules to be removed before the waste is discharged. Found in all ceolimates except for Arthropods and chordates | Nephridia
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| What class is Bivalves in | Bivalvia
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| Class bivalvia has | Sessile filter feeder
2 part hinged shell
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| non-moving | Sessile filter feeder
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| No distinct head region | nerve ganglia
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| the remnants of a simple brain, present above the foot | nerve ganglia
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| basic sense organ, sensory cells along the edge of the clams mantel that respond to light and touch | Rudimentary sense organs
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| they are secreted by the mantel | Valves
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| protects the shell | tough outer
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| hard calcium carbonate crystals that strengthen the shell | the food laden mucus to the bivalves mouth
Thick middle
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| smooth so it prevents damage to the bivalves soft body | Smooth inner
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| the valves are connected with a hinge and two thick ____ ____, when they contract they cause the valves to close forcefully | Abductor muscles
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| the bivalves use there muscular foot to dig down into the sand | Muscular foot
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| they feed by sucking seawater through hollow tubes called | Siphons
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| water is drawn through the _____ ______ over the gills and out the ______ ________ | Incurrent siphon and excurrent siphon
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| because they are covered with a sticky mucus which traps small marine animals, protists, and organic material as water passes over | Gills also trap pray
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| the food laden mucus to the bivalves mouth | Cilia directs
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| they reproduce by shedding the sperm and egg into the water where fertilization occurs | Sexual reproduction
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| They produce both eggs and sperms | hermaphroditic
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| What class is gastropods in | Gastropoda
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| Gastropods contain | snails and slugs
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| Gastropods can be found in | marine, fresh water, and terrestrial
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| have a Head, foot and visceral mass, they use the foot for locomotion | Gastropods
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| the terrestrial species secretes mucus from the base of the foot, forming a slimy path to glide on | Gastropods Mucus
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| most have a pair of tentacles where there eyes are located | gastropods
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| Have a single shell | Gastropods
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| for the aquatic species uses gills, the terrestrial species uses the empty mantel cavity as a primitive lung | Respiration gastropods
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| many are herbivores eating plants or algae, they scrape the algae off the rocks with there radula | Gastropods
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| a tongue like scraping organ | radula
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| What class is Cephalopods in | Cephalopoda
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| What is in the class Cephalopoda | squids, octopi, cuttlefish, nautiluses
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| 10 tentacles | Squid
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| 8 tentacles | Octopus
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| 80-90 | nautiluse
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| they feed on fish mollusks, crestation, and worms, they pull the food into there mouth and they are bitten by strong beak like jaws, then the radula pulls the prey into the mouth | Marine predators
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| draw water into there mantel cavity and expel through | cyphon
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| ___________which is when they quickly close the mantel cavity causing the water to forcefully leave the cavity and inking- they release a dark fluid to disguise there route of escape | jet proportion
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| is an exception it has a shell | nautilus
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| What phylum is Annelids | Annelida
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| What is in phylum Annelida | Segmented worms
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| -- have a body cavity —True coelom —Segmentation | Annelida
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| thee external bristles are | Setae
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| the marine Annelida have fleshy appendages called | parapodia
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| the development of the anterior sense organs and brain, also the process of head development in bilaterally symmetrical animals | Cephalization
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| (stomach side) nerve cord and pairs of segmental ganglia make coordinated movement of each body segment possible | Ventral (bottom) nerve cord
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| modified into specialized regions: the crop, the stomach, and the intestine | Digestive tube
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| annelids circulatory system | Closed
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| in several segments they have enlarged blood vessels that serve as simple hearts, the earth worm has 5 pairs | Earth worms
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| exchange oxygen/carbon dioxide through body surfaces- do not have gills, lungs, or special respitory organs | Annelids respiration
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| What class is Parapodia in | Polychaetes
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| occur on most of there segments, they actually have setae, used to swim burrow and crawl, has more surface area which makes for more efficient gas exchange between the animals and the water | parapodia
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| are terrestrial earth worms and they literally eat there way through school | class Oligochaete
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| all hermaphrodites- they all produce sperm and eggs | parapodia reproduction
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| both circular and longitudinal muscles | parapodia movement
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| defuses through the earth worms skin only if the worms skin is kept moist Sucker | parapodia respiration
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| —Leeches —Flattened body —Coelom not segmented | class Hirudinean
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| both ends of the body | suckers
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